{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225624308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.70152","title":"Comparative cytocompatibility of commercial theobromine\u2010 and fluoride\u2010containing topical varnish extracts in human gingival fibroblast\u20101 cell","display_name":"Comparative cytocompatibility of commercial theobromine\u2010 and fluoride\u2010containing topical varnish extracts in human gingival fibroblast\u20101 cell","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225624308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.70152","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43002525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/eos.70152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.70152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.70152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40136177","display_name":"European Journal Of Oral Sciences","issn_l":"0029-845X","issn":["0029-845X","0909-8836","1600-0722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Oral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092045090","display_name":"Ay\u015fe Nur PARLAKYILDIZ G\u00d6K\u00c7E","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-0558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-0558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153143","display_name":"Atlas \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqzm779","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153143"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayse Nur Parlakyildiz Gokce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry Istanbul Atlas University Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry Istanbul Atlas University Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037905666","display_name":"Mustafa G\u00f6k\u00e7e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-8482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-8482","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4996-7370"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Gokce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053385141","display_name":"Bet\u00fcl Karg\u00fcl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-8846","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-8846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74897591","display_name":"Marmara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kswqa67","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"]}],"countries":["GB","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Betul Kargul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatric Dentistry Dental School Marmara University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye","School of Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Dental School Marmara University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092045090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153143"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.6484000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.6484000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11958","display_name":"Dental Erosion and Treatment","score":0.20970000326633453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":0.05090000107884407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theobromine","display_name":"theobromine","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoride-varnish","display_name":"fluoride varnish","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytocompatibility","display_name":"cytocompatibility","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gingival-fibroblasts","display_name":"gingival fibroblasts","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-viability","display_name":"cell viability","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-migration","display_name":"cell migration","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-caries-prevention","display_name":"dental caries prevention","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/varnish-formulation","display_name":"varnish formulation","score":0.6000000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53227056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189152","display_name":"Viability assay","level":3,"score":0.7555999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6984000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777230088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864426","display_name":"Biocompatibility","level":2,"score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777318727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409464","display_name":"Lactate dehydrogenase","level":3,"score":0.6664000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780381497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463418","display_name":"Fibroblast","level":3,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28667232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81683","display_name":"Varnish","level":3,"score":0.5095999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738686","display_name":"MTT assay","level":3,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10675206","display_name":"Ingredient","level":2,"score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45904493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912807","display_name":"Active ingredient","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780158840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462845","display_name":"Fluoride varnish","level":4,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778005187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5262669","display_name":"Dermal fibroblast","level":4,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/eos.70152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.70152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.70152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40136177","display_name":"European Journal Of Oral Sciences","issn_l":"0029-845X","issn":["0029-845X","0909-8836","1600-0722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Oral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:43002525","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43002525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of oral sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901133259","https://openalex.org/W1968104496","https://openalex.org/W2016800231","https://openalex.org/W2114918609","https://openalex.org/W2114999221","https://openalex.org/W2266949303","https://openalex.org/W2518762319","https://openalex.org/W2771620519","https://openalex.org/W2972623332","https://openalex.org/W3006133374","https://openalex.org/W3016380207","https://openalex.org/W3045497015","https://openalex.org/W3156089029","https://openalex.org/W4200258207","https://openalex.org/W4383873756","https://openalex.org/W4392343775","https://openalex.org/W4392640617","https://openalex.org/W4404014838","https://openalex.org/W4411929865","https://openalex.org/W4412089551","https://openalex.org/W4414874321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7169654989","https://openalex.org/W4383873756","https://openalex.org/W3156089029","https://openalex.org/W2610386513","https://openalex.org/W4200258207","https://openalex.org/W1772354899","https://openalex.org/W7125587178","https://openalex.org/W4214926781","https://openalex.org/W3186539121","https://openalex.org/W3182958828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Theobromine":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"proposed":[4],"as":[5,158],"a":[6,27],"non\u2010fluoride":[7],"remineralizing":[8],"alternative;":[9],"however,":[10],"its":[11],"cellular":[12],"biocompatibility":[13],"in":[14,34,161],"oral":[15],"cell":[16,38],"models":[17],"remains":[18],"insufficiently":[19],"characterized.":[20],"This":[21],"study":[22],"compared":[23],"the":[24,132,150,174],"cytocompatibility":[25,176],"of":[26,164,177],"theobromine\u2010containing":[28],"varnish":[29,166],"with":[30,117],"two":[31],"fluoride\u2010containing":[32,133],"varnishes":[33,134],"human":[35],"gingival":[36],"fibroblast":[37],"line":[39],"(HGF\u20101).":[40],"HGF\u20101":[41],"cells":[42],"were":[43,75,103],"exposed":[44],"to":[45,69,173],"extracts":[46,167],"prepared":[47],"from":[48,67],"Group":[49,53,58,106,110,115,122,147],"1,":[50,107],"Rennou":[51],"Varnish;":[52,56],"2,":[54,111,145],"MI":[55],"and":[57,73,79,112,127,144,168],"3,":[59,116],"Clinpro":[60],"Clear":[61],"Fluoride":[62],"Treatment":[63],"at":[64],"concentrations":[65],"ranging":[66],"0.0625%":[68],"2%.":[70],"Cell":[71,87],"viability":[72,126],"cytotoxicity":[74],"evaluated":[76],"using":[77,94],"MTT":[78],"lactate":[80],"dehydrogenase":[81],"(LDH)":[82],"assays":[83],"after":[84],"24":[85],"h.":[86],"migration":[88],"was":[89,139],"assessed":[90],"by":[91],"wound\u2010healing":[92],"assay":[93],"IC":[95,100],"50":[96,101],"/2":[97],"concentrations.":[98,137],"Estimated":[99],"values":[102],"0.611%":[104],"for":[105,109,114],"0.056%":[108],"0.117%":[113],"corresponding":[118],"95%":[119],"confidence":[120],"intervals.":[121],"1":[123,143],"maintained":[124],"higher":[125],"lower":[128],"LDH":[129],"release":[130],"than":[131],"across":[135],"most":[136],"Migration":[138],"comparable":[140],"between":[141],"Groups":[142],"whereas":[146],"3":[148],"caused":[149],"greatest":[151],"reduction.":[152],"These":[153],"findings":[154],"should":[155,169],"be":[156,171],"interpreted":[157],"preliminary":[159],"formulation\u2010level":[160],"vitro":[162],"responses":[163],"commercial":[165],"not":[170],"attributed":[172],"intrinsic":[175],"any":[178],"single":[179],"active":[180],"ingredient":[181],"or":[182],"excipient.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
