{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225624280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11099336/v1","title":"Effects of antenatal corticosteroids on respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants across gestational age strata","display_name":"Effects of antenatal corticosteroids on respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants across gestational age strata","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225624280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11099336/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11099336/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11099336/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11099336/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11099336/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11099336/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161350245","display_name":"Lie HUANG","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260377","display_name":"The First People's Hospital of Neijiang","ror":"https://ror.org/03nr56d94","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260377"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lie HUANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First People's Hospital of Neijiang"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First People's Hospital of Neijiang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153673996","display_name":"Xi Tian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097354","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01px77p81","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097354"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi TIAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Shenshan Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Shenshan Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153656370","display_name":"Yanling Zeng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260377","display_name":"The First People's Hospital of Neijiang","ror":"https://ror.org/03nr56d94","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260377"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanling ZENG","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First People's Hospital of Neijiang"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First People's Hospital of Neijiang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153585592","display_name":"Kehua Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260377","display_name":"The First People's Hospital of Neijiang","ror":"https://ror.org/03nr56d94","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260377"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kehua HUANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First People's Hospital of Neijiang"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First People's Hospital of Neijiang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019275925","display_name":"Meile Cheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087046","display_name":"Yinchuan First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/000qysg46","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087046"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meile Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161318505","display_name":"Xi XU","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260377","display_name":"The First People's Hospital of Neijiang","ror":"https://ror.org/03nr56d94","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260377"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi XU","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First People's Hospital of Neijiang"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First People's Hospital of Neijiang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10549","display_name":"Neonatal Respiratory Health Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10549","display_name":"Neonatal Respiratory Health Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11060","display_name":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenatal-corticosteroids","display_name":"antenatal corticosteroids","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-distress-syndrome","display_name":"respiratory distress syndrome","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-infants","display_name":"preterm infants","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-age","display_name":"gestational age","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-lung-maturation","display_name":"fetal lung maturation","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cesarean-section","display_name":"cesarean section","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chorioamnionitis","display_name":"chorioamnionitis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interaction-effects","display_name":"interaction effects","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-model","display_name":"prediction model","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-outcomes","display_name":"neonatal outcomes","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-weight","display_name":"birth weight","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode-of-delivery","display_name":"mode of delivery","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-risk-factors","display_name":"maternal risk factors","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-risk-factors","display_name":"neonatal risk factors","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-morbidity","display_name":"neonatal morbidity","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9333000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.6705999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141983124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188008","display_name":"Respiratory distress","level":2,"score":0.6603999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.5631999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777629866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473739","display_name":"Chorioamnionitis","level":4,"score":0.5044999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.47679999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625506","display_name":"Premature birth","level":4,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780395437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754348","display_name":"Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome","level":4,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128476","display_name":"Birth weight","level":3,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780938740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298973","display_name":"Small for gestational age","level":4,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778721537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922640","display_name":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","level":4,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776352029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4686351","display_name":"Advanced maternal age","level":4,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11099336/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11099336/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11099336/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11099336/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11099336/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11099336/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11099336/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11099336/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225624280.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225624280.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2727398316","https://openalex.org/W4280574711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036005809","https://openalex.org/W7129324812","https://openalex.org/W2887845604","https://openalex.org/W2607826691","https://openalex.org/W2782370530","https://openalex.org/W2903404030","https://openalex.org/W4397006757","https://openalex.org/W3162236536","https://openalex.org/W2002733883","https://openalex.org/W4380447484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Antenatal":[2],"corticosteroids":[3],"(ACS)":[4],"are":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7,102],"to":[8,39,52,103,144,298],"promote":[9],"fetal":[10],"lung":[11],"maturation":[12],"and":[13,33,46,51,84,90,110,118,133,146,194,227,235,238,304],"reduce":[14],"the":[15,24,41,67,105,177,269,278,295],"incidence":[16],"of":[17,26,71,163,253,266],"neonatal":[18],"respiratory":[19],"distress":[20],"syndrome":[21],"(RDS).":[22],"However,":[23],"efficacy":[25],"ACS":[27,44,86,109,145,154,226,237,249,259,312],"varies":[28],"across":[29,283,318],"gestational":[30,131,284,321],"ages":[31],"(GA)":[32],"clinical":[34,91],"contexts.":[35],"This":[36,60],"study":[37],"aimed":[38],"evaluate":[40],"association":[42,107,178,271,296],"between":[43,82,108,225,236],"exposure":[45,155],"RDS":[47,164],"in":[48],"preterm":[49,75,320],"infants":[50],"identify":[53],"factors":[54],"that":[55],"modify":[56],"this":[57],"association.":[58],"Methods":[59],"single-center":[61],"retrospective":[62],"cohort":[63],"study,":[64],"conducted":[65],"at":[66,181,210],"First":[68],"People's":[69],"Hospital":[70],"Yinchuan,":[72],"included":[73],"504":[74,138],"neonates":[76],"(GA":[77],"<":[78,172,183,192],"37":[79],"weeks)":[80],"born":[81],"2020":[83],"2024.":[85],"exposure,":[87],"demographic":[88],"characteristics,":[89],"outcomes":[92],"were":[93,123,142,223],"extracted":[94],"from":[95],"medical":[96],"records.":[97],"Multivariable":[98],"logistic":[99],"regression":[100],"was":[101,156,179,206,260],"assess":[104],"independent":[106],"RDS,":[111,267],"with":[112,159,262,268],"subgroup":[113,175],"analyses":[114],"stratified":[115],"by":[116,301],"GA":[117,182],"delivery":[119,302],"mode.":[120],"Interaction":[121],"effects":[122],"evaluated":[124],"using":[125],"multiplicative":[126],"interaction":[127,232,242,282],"terms":[128],"adjusted":[129],"for":[130,231,241,281],"age":[132,285],"birth":[134],"weight.":[135],"Results":[136],"Among":[137],"neonates,":[139],"146":[140],"(29.0%)":[141],"exposed":[143],"247":[147],"(49.0%)":[148],"developed":[149],"RDS.":[150],"In":[151,174,292],"multivariable":[152],"analysis,":[153],"independently":[157],"associated":[158,261],"markedly":[160],"lower":[161,264],"odds":[162,265],"(adjusted":[165],"OR":[166],"0.243,":[167],"95%":[168,188,199,215],"CI":[169,189,200,216,256],"0.140\u20130.422,":[170],"P":[171,191,202,218],"0.001).":[173],"analyses,":[176,294],"strongest":[180,270],"32":[184],"weeks":[185,196,212,275],"(OR":[186,197,213],"0.136,":[187],"0.044\u20130.415,":[190],"0.001)":[193],"32\u201334":[195],"0.223,":[198],"0.092\u20130.541,":[201],"=":[203,219,233,243],"0.001),":[204],"but":[205],"not":[207,288],"statistically":[208],"significant":[209],"34\u201337":[211],"0.516,":[214],"0.259\u20131.029,":[217],"0.060).":[220],"Significant":[221],"interactions":[222],"observed":[224,272],"cesarean":[228],"section":[229],"(P":[230,240],"0.041)":[234],"chorioamnionitis":[239,305],"0.030).":[244],"The":[245],"predictive":[246],"model":[247],"incorporating":[248],"achieved":[250],"an":[251],"AUC":[252],"0.868":[254],"(95%":[255],"0.809\u20130.927).":[257],"Conclusions":[258],"substantially":[263],"before":[273],"34":[274],"gestation,":[276],"although":[277],"formal":[279],"test":[280],"groups":[286],"did":[287],"reach":[289],"statistical":[290],"significance.":[291],"exploratory":[293],"appeared":[297],"be":[299],"modified":[300],"mode":[303],"status.":[306],"These":[307],"findings":[308],"support":[309],"individualized,":[310],"risk-stratified":[311],"administration":[313],"rather":[314],"than":[315],"uniform":[316],"use":[317],"all":[319],"ages.":[322]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
