{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225622744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3","title":"Synergistic effects of low-salinity water and associated gas injection in a WAG process for enhanced oil recovery","display_name":"Synergistic effects of low-salinity water and associated gas injection in a WAG process for enhanced oil recovery","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225622744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764546325","display_name":"Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology","issn_l":"2190-0558","issn":["2190-0558","2190-0566"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117152429","display_name":"Mohammad Keramati Nejad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Keramati Nejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439953754, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439953754, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101494741","display_name":"Alireza Fathollahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-5043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-5043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Nasiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439953754, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-5043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439953754, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101494741","display_name":"Alireza Fathollahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-5043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-5043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Fathollahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439953754, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439953754, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110228654","display_name":"M. Vahidi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morteza Vahidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439953754, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439953754, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072332054","display_name":"Behzad Rostami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-7189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-7189","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9579-5840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801979204","display_name":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland","ror":"https://ror.org/01b40r146","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801979204","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behzad Rostami","raw_affiliation_strings":["GEUS, Geological, Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-7189","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GEUS, Geological, Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801979204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101494741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10491","display_name":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10491","display_name":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11302","display_name":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-salinity-water-flooding","display_name":"low salinity waterflooding","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-alternating-gas-injection","display_name":"water-alternating-gas injection","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-oil-recovery","display_name":"enhanced oil recovery","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wettability-alteration","display_name":"wettability alteration","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-angle","display_name":"contact angle","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seawater-flooding","display_name":"seawater flooding","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-flooding","display_name":"core flooding","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-recovery","display_name":"oil recovery","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779681308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049254","display_name":"Enhanced oil recovery","level":2,"score":0.8083000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.7049000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197248824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184395","display_name":"Seawater","level":2,"score":0.694100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778059233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7973522","display_name":"Water injection (oil production)","level":2,"score":0.6367999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134514944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817136","display_name":"Wetting","level":2,"score":0.6274999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6556556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899239","display_name":"Contact angle","level":2,"score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80019733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105064","display_name":"Offshore geotechnical engineering","level":2,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019147571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7973522","display_name":"Water flooding","level":2,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141675481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3588981","display_name":"Energy recovery","level":3,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780927383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7081418","display_name":"Oil in place","level":3,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113215200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1845437","display_name":"Petroleum reservoir","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775865663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247687","display_name":"Produced water","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132643394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233264","display_name":"Positive displacement meter","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150870023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004269","display_name":"Associated petroleum gas","level":3,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777560178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587682","display_name":"Oil well","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780275952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4949154","display_name":"Bottom water","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548895740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Petroleum","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764546325","display_name":"Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology","issn_l":"2190-0558","issn":["2190-0558","2190-0566"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-026-02260-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764546325","display_name":"Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology","issn_l":"2190-0558","issn":["2190-0558","2190-0566"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5690000057220459,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968580070","https://openalex.org/W4319342641","https://openalex.org/W1973305951","https://openalex.org/W4318218893","https://openalex.org/W2837182345","https://openalex.org/W2486992021","https://openalex.org/W6884532524","https://openalex.org/W3129424863","https://openalex.org/W3195546227","https://openalex.org/W1985498986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Conventional":[1],"waterflooding":[2],"often":[3],"results":[4],"in":[5,106],"limited":[6],"oil":[7,16,25,134],"recovery,":[8],"highlighting":[9],"the":[10,55,127,170,191,215],"need":[11],"for":[12],"more":[13,119],"effective":[14],"enhanced":[15],"recovery":[17,26,135,142,152,172],"(EOR)":[18],"methods.":[19],"Low-salinity":[20],"water":[21,42,68,145],"(LSW)":[22],"injection":[23,33,73],"improves":[24],"through":[27,92],"wettability":[28,163],"alteration,":[29],"while":[30,213],"associated":[31,59,70,196,218],"gas":[32,44,60,71,156,197,219],"offers":[34],"operational":[35],"and":[36,54,87,148,207],"economic":[37],"advantages.":[38],"However,":[39],"previous":[40,178],"low-salinity":[41,67,144,199],"alternating":[43,69,155],"(LSWAG)":[45],"studies":[46,180],"have":[47],"mainly":[48],"focused":[49],"on":[50,183],"CO":[51,184],"2":[52,185],",":[53,186],"application":[56],"of":[57,136,193,217],"produced":[58,195],"remains":[61],"largely":[62],"unexplored.":[63],"This":[64],"study":[65],"investigates":[66],"(LSWAAG)":[72],"as":[74,165],"a":[75,103,115,166,202],"hybrid":[76,210],"EOR":[77,211],"technique.":[78],"Wettability":[79],"alteration":[80,164],"was":[81,90],"evaluated":[82],"using":[83,109,130],"contact":[84,107],"angle":[85,100,108],"measurements,":[86],"displacement":[88],"performance":[89],"assessed":[91],"core":[93],"flooding":[94,123,146],"experiments":[95,124],"under":[96],"reservoir":[97],"conditions.":[98,121],"Contact":[99],"measurements":[101,161],"showed":[102],"41.4%":[104],"reduction":[105],"ten-fold":[110],"diluted":[111],"seawater":[112,154],"(10DSW),":[113],"indicating":[114],"pronounced":[116],"shift":[117],"toward":[118],"water-wet":[120],"Core":[122],"demonstrated":[125],"that":[126,220],"LSWAAG":[128,175],"process":[129],"10DSW":[131],"achieved":[132],"an":[133],"82.59%,":[137],"representing":[138],"14.03%":[139],"points":[140,150],"higher":[141,151],"than":[143,153],"(10DSW)":[147],"7.96%":[149],"(SWAG)":[157],"injection.":[158,176],"The":[159],"contact-angle":[160],"indicate":[162],"potential":[167],"contributor":[168],"to":[169],"improved":[171],"observed":[173],"during":[174],"Unlike":[177],"LSWAG":[179],"based":[181],"primarily":[182],"this":[187],"work":[188],"experimentally":[189],"demonstrates":[190],"feasibility":[192],"integrating":[194],"with":[198],"water,":[200],"providing":[201],"technically":[203],"effective,":[204],"operationally":[205],"attractive,":[206],"environmentally":[208],"beneficial":[209],"strategy":[212],"promoting":[214],"utilization":[216],"would":[221],"otherwise":[222],"be":[223],"flared.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}