{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225622194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813","title":"Ligand-Binding Right out of the Gate in a Biochemistry Laboratory Course: Metal Binding to a Model Chromophore at Variable pH","display_name":"Ligand-Binding Right out of the Gate in a Biochemistry Laboratory Course: Metal Binding to a Model Chromophore at Variable pH","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225622194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/jceda8/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813/69116457/acs.jchemed.5c01813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105208853","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Education","issn_l":"0021-9584","issn":["0021-9584","1938-1328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/jceda8/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813/69116457/acs.jchemed.5c01813.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008293566","display_name":"R. Jeremy Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-3915","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-3915"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110678235","display_name":"Butler University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq3a412","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110678235"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Jeremy Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Butler University , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-3915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Butler University , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110678235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033220113","display_name":"Mark R. Macbeth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-7418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-7418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110678235","display_name":"Butler University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq3a412","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110678235"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark R. Macbeth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Butler University , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Butler University , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110678235"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003075980","display_name":"Geoffrey Charles Hoops","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-1709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-1709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110678235","display_name":"Butler University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq3a412","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110678235"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey C. Hoops","raw_affiliation_strings":["Butler University , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Butler University , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110678235"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008293566"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110678235"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12327","display_name":"Various Chemistry Research Topics","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12327","display_name":"Various Chemistry Research Topics","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.021199999377131462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14097","display_name":"Chemistry Education and Research","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ligand-binding","display_name":"ligand binding","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-ion-binding","display_name":"metal ion binding","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic-acid","display_name":"8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph-dependence","display_name":"pH dependence","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binding-isotherms","display_name":"binding isotherms","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissociation-constant","display_name":"dissociation constant","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divalent-metals","display_name":"divalent metals","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-skills","display_name":"laboratory skills","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothesis-generation","display_name":"hypothesis generation","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-regression","display_name":"nonlinear regression","score":0.8349999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192468462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533543","display_name":"Chromophore","level":2,"score":0.7556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6901999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98015330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907315","display_name":"Absorbance","level":2,"score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74884574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Divalent","level":2,"score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166950319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245031","display_name":"Intermolecular force","level":3,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116569031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899107","display_name":"Ligand (biochemistry)","level":3,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19052677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2229066","display_name":"Scatchard plot","level":3,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992404650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5272330","display_name":"Divalent metal","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10710636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809","display_name":"Equilibrium constant","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107824862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616005","display_name":"Binding site","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/jceda8/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813/69116457/acs.jchemed.5c01813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105208853","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Education","issn_l":"0021-9584","issn":["0021-9584","1938-1328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/jceda8/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01813/69116457/acs.jchemed.5c01813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105208853","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Education","issn_l":"0021-9584","issn":["0021-9584","1938-1328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5385000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309016","display_name":"Butler University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq3a412"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225622194.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225622194.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524350914","https://openalex.org/W1798411022","https://openalex.org/W1799647078","https://openalex.org/W1968681823","https://openalex.org/W2004643478","https://openalex.org/W2009675810","https://openalex.org/W2010141362","https://openalex.org/W2024836025","https://openalex.org/W2025065658","https://openalex.org/W2028687473","https://openalex.org/W2047156056","https://openalex.org/W2068874792","https://openalex.org/W2083504472","https://openalex.org/W2084290341","https://openalex.org/W2092201321","https://openalex.org/W2259414889","https://openalex.org/W2346482083","https://openalex.org/W2548384228","https://openalex.org/W2790289838","https://openalex.org/W2810445166","https://openalex.org/W2910035600","https://openalex.org/W4251694851","https://openalex.org/W4283751540","https://openalex.org/W4308026635","https://openalex.org/W4385484215","https://openalex.org/W4393200464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033582696","https://openalex.org/W4405841287","https://openalex.org/W2052543472","https://openalex.org/W2067742243","https://openalex.org/W2152304467","https://openalex.org/W270617005","https://openalex.org/W3033428024","https://openalex.org/W2618739498","https://openalex.org/W2090077897","https://openalex.org/W1513070564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1],"have":[2],"developed":[3],"an":[4,53],"introductory,":[5],"biochemistry":[6,91,209],"laboratory":[7,66,73,118,125,168,194],"module":[8,67,203],"investigating":[9],"the":[10,19,139,155],"pH":[11],"and":[12,43,47,58,85,98,101,132,135,150,154,160,197],"metal-dependent":[13],"binding":[14,45,106,108,152,161],"of":[15,56,64,113,123,182],"divalent":[16],"metals":[17,37,57],"to":[18,184,206],"model":[20],"chromophore":[21],"8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic":[22],"acid":[23],"(HQS).":[24],"Over":[25],"3":[26,140,176],"weeks,":[27,177],"students":[28,145],"first":[29],"measure":[30],"shifts":[31],"in":[32,129,172],"HQS":[33],"absorbance":[34],"versus":[35],"two":[36,117],"at":[38],"multiple":[39],"pHs,":[40],"then":[41],"construct":[42],"interpret":[44,151],"isotherms,":[46,109],"finally":[48],"test":[49],"follow-up":[50],"hypotheses":[51],"with":[52,127],"expanded":[54],"set":[55],"pHs.":[59],"The":[60],"student":[61,114,186,199],"learning":[62,200],"objectives":[63],"this":[65,167,202],"are":[68],"3-fold:":[69],"(1)":[70],"practice":[71],"essential":[72,124],"skills":[74,126],"(microplate":[75],"analysis,":[76,84],"pipetting,":[77,130],"dilutions,":[78],"instrument":[79],"operation,":[80],"nonlinear":[81],"regression,":[82],"error":[83],"graphic":[86],"presentation),":[87],"(2)":[88],"reinforce":[89],"introductory":[90,208],"material":[92],"(buffers,":[93],"pH,":[94],"pKa\u2019s,":[95],"intermolecular":[96],"forces,":[97],"equilibrium":[99,104],"constants),":[100],"(3)":[102],"introduce":[103],"ligand":[105],"(Kd,":[107],"quantitative":[110],"comparisons).":[111],"Assessment":[112],"results":[115],"from":[116,179],"assignments":[119],"confirms":[120],"reproducible":[121],"development":[122],"improvement":[128],"graph":[131],"table":[133],"preparation,":[134],"hypothesis":[136],"generation":[137],"over":[138],"weeks.":[141],"After":[142],"lab":[143],"completion,":[144],"can":[146,169],"also":[147],"successfully":[148],"plot":[149],"isotherms":[153],"relationship":[156],"between":[157],"Kd":[158],"values":[159],"affinity.":[162],"Depending":[163],"on":[164],"available":[165],"time,":[166],"be":[170],"run":[171],"1,":[173],"2,":[174],"or":[175],"shifting":[178],"lower":[180],"levels":[181],"inquiry":[183],"greater":[185],"independence.":[187],"With":[188],"its":[189],"low":[190],"time":[191],"commitment,":[192],"nonspecialized":[193],"equipment,":[195],"adaptability,":[196],"robust":[198],"outcomes,":[201],"is":[204],"applicable":[205],"many":[207],"laboratories.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}