{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225620627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no9.2024.pg91.112","title":"Constraints to the Utilization of Primary Healthcare by Farm Families in Rural Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria","display_name":"Constraints to the Utilization of Primary Healthcare by Farm Families in Rural Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225620627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no9.2024.pg91.112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56201/ijaes.v10.no9.2024.pg91.112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no9.2024.pg91.112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no9.2024.pg91.112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281523","display_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND EARTH SCIENCE","issn_l":"2489-0081","issn":["2489-0081","2695-1894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND EARTH SCIENCE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152260827","display_name":"J. O Nwokoro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96576516","display_name":"Rivers State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kr7aq59","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96576516"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. O Nwokoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, River\u2019s state University P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, River\u2019s state University P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96576516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5152260827"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96576516"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"91","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.7440999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.7440999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14358","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Satisfaction","score":0.1703999936580658,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.029600000008940697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care-utilization","display_name":"primary care utilization","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-households","display_name":"farm households","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-communities","display_name":"rural communities","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-care","display_name":"barriers to care","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunization","display_name":"immunization","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socio-economic-determinants","display_name":"socio-economic determinants","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rivers-state","display_name":"Rivers State","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-zones","display_name":"agricultural zones","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-health-care-center","display_name":"primary health centers","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-professionals-attitudes","display_name":"clinician attitudes","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-urban-health-disparities","display_name":"rural-urban health disparities","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6292999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.6049000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163432668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623543","display_name":"Primary health care","level":3,"score":0.5695000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779958979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3473027","display_name":"Rural health","level":3,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993295539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569500","display_name":"Health centre","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49898467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517706","display_name":"Stratified sampling","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777101753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5433336","display_name":"Family income","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018279614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Healthcare service","level":3,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.25850000977516174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56201/ijaes.v10.no9.2024.pg91.112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no9.2024.pg91.112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no9.2024.pg91.112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281523","display_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND EARTH SCIENCE","issn_l":"2489-0081","issn":["2489-0081","2695-1894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND EARTH SCIENCE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"No poverty"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213779273","https://openalex.org/W7220761802","https://openalex.org/W2885572147","https://openalex.org/W2757693778","https://openalex.org/W3160560259","https://openalex.org/W7117586901","https://openalex.org/W4414817171","https://openalex.org/W4404141640","https://openalex.org/W6958501389","https://openalex.org/W4409894339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,92,149,276,334],"study":[1,31,48,65],"assesses":[2],"the":[3,6,23,27,30,34,47,64,90,124,131,141,153,172,190,196,293],"constraints":[4,277],"to":[5,58,73,86,245,266,282,291,341],"utilization":[7],"of":[8,17,26,36,41,94,116,123,130,140,143,152,166,171,181,189,195,198,208,218,227,236,243,278,289,319,339],"primary":[9,42,59,76,144,167,182,199,219,237,246,283,342],"healthcare":[10,43,60,145,168,183,200,220,238,247,284,343],"by":[11,38,249],"farm":[12,39,55,132,162,173,191,214,232,250,255,279],"families":[13,40,56,133,163,174,192,215,233,256],"in":[14,29,46,63,257],"rural":[15],"communities":[16],"Rivers":[18],"State,":[19],"Nigeria.":[20],"It":[21],"described":[22],"socio-economic":[24,335],"characteristics":[25,336],"respondents":[28,154],"area;":[32,49],"determined":[33,51],"level":[35,242,338],"access":[37,57,244,265,281,340],"services":[44,248,344],"provided":[45],"and":[50,80,107,114,158,164,178,193,210,216,222,229,234,262,299,307,315,325,355],"factors":[52],"that":[53,128,254],"hinder":[54],"delivery":[61,285],"system":[62,286],"area.":[66],"A":[67,204],"multi-stage":[68],"sampling":[69],"technique":[70],"was":[71,96,147],"used":[72,85],"select":[74],"172":[75],"health":[77,294,302,310,320],"centre":[78,146,184,201],"staff":[79,142,165,180,197,217,235],"376":[81],"farmers.":[82],"Questionnaires":[83],"were":[84,119,135,155,202],"elicit":[87],"data":[88],"from":[89],"respondents.":[91],"reliability":[93],"instrument":[95],"87%.":[97],"Descriptive":[98],"statistical":[99],"tools":[100],"such":[101,110],"as":[102,111],"frequency":[103],"distribution,":[104],"percentage,":[105],"mean":[106,150,205,224],"inferential":[108],"statistics":[109],"Multiple":[112],"Regression":[113],"Analysis":[115],"Variance":[117],"(ANOVA)":[118],"also":[120],"used.":[121],"Result":[122],"descriptive":[125],"statistic":[126],"showed":[127],"most":[129,138],"(51.1%)":[134],"males":[136],"while":[137],"(72.3%)":[139],"female.":[148],"age":[151],"38":[156],"years":[157,160],"39":[159],"for":[161,213,231,327],"centre,":[169,221],"59.0%":[170],"had":[175,185,264],"secondary":[176],"education":[177],"(98.1%)":[179],"tertiary":[186],"education.":[187],"69.4%":[188],"56.0%":[194],"married.":[203],"household":[206,353],"size":[207,354],"5":[209],"4":[211],"persons":[212],"a":[223],"monthly":[225],"income":[226,356],"N61,876":[228],"N154,745":[230],"centre.":[239],"Based":[240],"on":[241],"families,":[251],"result":[252],"shows":[253],"agricultural":[258,328],"zones":[259],"1,":[260,330],"2":[261],"3":[263,332],"immunization":[267],"(":[268,296,304,312,322],"=":[269,271,273],"4.77,":[270],"4.96,":[272],"4.83":[274],"respectively).":[275],"families\u2019":[280],"were;":[287,345],"lack":[288],"capital":[290],"fund":[292],"centres":[295,303],"=3.75,":[297],"=3.38":[298],"=3.61),":[300],"non-availability/insufficient":[301],"=3.66,":[305],"=3.58":[306],"=3.66),":[308],"inadequate":[309],"workers":[311],"=3.54,":[313],"=3.26":[314],"=3.39),":[316],"unfriendly":[317],"attitude":[318],"personnel":[321],"=3.43,":[323],"=3.39":[324],"=3.44)":[326],"zone":[329],"2,":[331],"respectively.":[333],"influencing":[337],"gender,":[346],"age,":[347],"educational":[348],"level,":[349],"occupation,":[350],"marital":[351],"status,":[352],"level.":[357]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
