{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225619832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70078","title":"What Is Time?","display_name":"What Is Time?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225619832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70078"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/nous.70078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70078","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nous.70078","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170801797","display_name":"No\u00fbs","issn_l":"0029-4624","issn":["0029-4624","1468-0068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"No\u00fbs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nous.70078","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022130761","display_name":"Sam Baron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4000-3276","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4000-3276"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sam Baron","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119580728","display_name":"Floris Diederik Johannes Eskens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4082-5252","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4082-5252"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Floris Eskens","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo Oslo Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022130761"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.6455000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.6455000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.24869999289512634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13545","display_name":"Philosophical and Theoretical Analysis","score":0.046799998730421066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-of-time","display_name":"nature of time","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"causality","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change","display_name":"change","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-and-time","display_name":"time and space","score":0.796999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.7387999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46720001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454417","display_name":"Realizability","level":2,"score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130187892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327","display_name":"Spacetime","level":2,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994244441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806607","display_name":"Time space","level":2,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96402334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Space time","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/nous.70078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70078","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nous.70078","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170801797","display_name":"No\u00fbs","issn_l":"0029-4624","issn":["0029-4624","1468-0068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"No\u00fbs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/nous.70078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70078","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nous.70078","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170801797","display_name":"No\u00fbs","issn_l":"0029-4624","issn":["0029-4624","1468-0068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"No\u00fbs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225619832.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225619832.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54664877","https://openalex.org/W1849506995","https://openalex.org/W2003975664","https://openalex.org/W2005592264","https://openalex.org/W2024970511","https://openalex.org/W2029403139","https://openalex.org/W2032282935","https://openalex.org/W2045573639","https://openalex.org/W2062068040","https://openalex.org/W2090006746","https://openalex.org/W2123138453","https://openalex.org/W2137243415","https://openalex.org/W2157084252","https://openalex.org/W2494200228","https://openalex.org/W2506428685","https://openalex.org/W2587977774","https://openalex.org/W2613180081","https://openalex.org/W2620732129","https://openalex.org/W2793028905","https://openalex.org/W2794441647","https://openalex.org/W2884117531","https://openalex.org/W2899232793","https://openalex.org/W2899777958","https://openalex.org/W2947062180","https://openalex.org/W2957013080","https://openalex.org/W3012680574","https://openalex.org/W3096213383","https://openalex.org/W3184292131","https://openalex.org/W3201414239","https://openalex.org/W3209051665","https://openalex.org/W4223438514","https://openalex.org/W4224029379","https://openalex.org/W4224272891","https://openalex.org/W4229665668","https://openalex.org/W4233094348","https://openalex.org/W4249882185","https://openalex.org/W4250603016","https://openalex.org/W4283072242","https://openalex.org/W4321351140","https://openalex.org/W4414970203","https://openalex.org/W7154521161"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014421990","https://openalex.org/W2465939757","https://openalex.org/W4235973521","https://openalex.org/W4283688542","https://openalex.org/W2999466479","https://openalex.org/W2605969480","https://openalex.org/W7065258075","https://openalex.org/W7127445912","https://openalex.org/W2920878343","https://openalex.org/W2045920109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"We":[1,18,74,98],"argue":[2],"that":[3,11,28,69,100],"time":[4,27,37,45,71,81,86,92,102],"is":[5,10],"the":[6,57,83,88,94],"great":[7,84,89],"enabler:":[8],"it":[9,35,43,54,65],"which":[12],"makes":[13],"causation":[14,50],"and":[15,51,63,91],"change":[16],"possible.":[17],"develop":[19],"this":[20],"idea":[21],"into":[22],"a":[23],"functionalist":[24],"account":[25,77],"of":[26,61,96],"has":[29],"some":[30],"very":[31],"nice":[32],"features:":[33],"(i)":[34],"differentiates":[36],"from":[38],"space":[39],"where":[40],"needed,":[41],"(ii)":[42],"illuminates":[44],"via":[46],"its":[47],"connection":[48],"to":[49,78],"change,":[52],"(iii)":[53],"accounts":[55],"for":[56],"apparent":[58],"multiple":[59],"realizability":[60],"time,":[62],"(iv)":[64],"correctly":[66],"classifies":[67],"worlds":[68],"have":[70],"as":[72,82,87,93,103],"such.":[73],"compare":[75],"our":[76],"three":[79],"rivals:":[80],"necessitator,":[85],"informer,":[90],"measure":[95],"change.":[97],"show":[99],"treating":[101],"an":[104],"enabler":[105],"does":[106],"better.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}