{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225619757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085584","title":"Why Kidney Diets Must Be Individualized for Chronic Kidney Disease","display_name":"Why Kidney Diets Must Be Individualized for Chronic Kidney Disease","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225619757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085584"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085584","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159107239","display_name":"Ajarn Shaman Shu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shu, Ajarn Shaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Buddha Ayurvedic School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Buddha Ayurvedic School of Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159107239"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":0.8852999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":0.8852999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.08869999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13960","display_name":"Dietetics, Nutrition, and Education","score":0.012299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-nutrition","display_name":"personalized nutrition","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-nutrition-therapy","display_name":"medical nutrition therapy","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-protein-diet","display_name":"low-protein diet","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-proteins","display_name":"plant proteins","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-reduction","display_name":"salt reduction","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-sodium","display_name":"dietary sodium","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-phosphorus","display_name":"dietary phosphorus","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-intake","display_name":"potassium intake","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-fiber","display_name":"dietary fiber","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-fat","display_name":"dietary fat","score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-cholesterol","display_name":"dietary cholesterol","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-nephropathy","display_name":"diabetic nephropathy","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-stage-renal-disease","display_name":"end-stage renal disease","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialysis","display_name":"dialysis","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney-transplantation","display_name":"kidney transplantation","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-guidelines","display_name":"dietary guidelines","score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-as-medicine","display_name":"food as medicine","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8306999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.5831999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5389000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780182762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279","display_name":"Guideline","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54847362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177635","display_name":"Nephrology","level":2,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780145431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15443105","display_name":"Polycystic kidney disease","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87813604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242899","display_name":"Crossover study","level":4,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779978075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202301","display_name":"Dialysis","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283383428","https://openalex.org/W3131017658","https://openalex.org/W2399690566","https://openalex.org/W7167797302","https://openalex.org/W4391847662","https://openalex.org/W4411353306","https://openalex.org/W2990616399","https://openalex.org/W7118192289","https://openalex.org/W4311915123","https://openalex.org/W2961408485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep-research":[0],"Food-as-Medicine":[1],"article":[2,285],"on":[3],"chronic":[4],"kidney":[5,9,66,80,113,140,270],"disease,":[6],"asking":[7],"why":[8],"diets":[10],"must":[11],"be":[12],"individualized":[13],"rather":[14],"than":[15,60],"copied":[16],"from":[17,286],"a":[18,118,202,233,236,240,249],"single":[19],"diet":[20],"sheet.":[21],"CDC":[22],"Chronic":[23],"Kidney":[24],"Disease":[25],"in":[26,38,44,159,177,201],"the":[27,287],"United":[28],"States,":[29],"2023":[30],"(via":[31],"NIDDK,":[32],"verified":[33],"live":[34],"2026-11-09)":[35],"estimates":[36],"CKD":[37,178],"35.5":[39],"million":[40],"U.S.":[41],"adults":[42,50],"(14%),":[43],"about":[45,52],"20%":[46],"of":[47,54,103,121,171,251,291],"non-Hispanic":[48,55],"Black":[49],"versus":[51,142],"12%":[53],"White":[56],"adults,":[57],"with":[58,64,111,167,186],"more":[59],"808,000":[61],"people":[62],"living":[63],"end-stage":[65,139],"disease":[67,141,161,271],"(USRDS":[68],"2023).":[69],"The":[70],"2020":[71],"KDOQI":[72],"nutrition":[73,81,85],"guideline":[74],"(Ikizler":[75],"2020,":[76,126,227],"PMID":[77,98,127,194,208,228,246],"32829751)":[78],"organizes":[79],"as":[82,232],"dietitian-delivered":[83],"medical":[84],"therapy":[86],"across":[87,189],"stages":[88],"1-5,":[89],"dialysis,":[90],"and":[91,108,169,196,239,258],"transplant;":[92],"its":[93],"expert":[94],"commentary":[95],"(Kistler":[96],"2021,":[97,193],"32737016)":[99],"states":[100],"protein":[101,131,144,153],"ranges":[102],"0.55-0.6":[104],"g/kg/day":[105,110],"without":[106,276],"diabetes":[107],"0.6-0.8":[109],"diabetic":[112],"disease.":[114],"In":[115],"non-diabetic":[116],"CKD,":[117],"Cochrane":[119],"synthesis":[120],"17":[122],"trials":[123],"(n=2,996;":[124],"Hahn":[125],"33118160)":[128],"found":[129,248],"low":[130,152],"(0.5-0.6":[132],"g/kg/day)":[133,155],"made":[134],"little":[135],"difference":[136],"to":[137],"reaching":[138],"normal":[143],"(RR":[145,162,215],"1.05,":[146],"95%":[147,164],"CI":[148,165],"0.73-1.53),":[149],"while":[150,210],"very":[151],"(0.3-0.4":[154],"probably":[156],"reduced":[157],"progression":[158],"advanced":[160],"0.65,":[163],"0.49-0.85),":[166],"harms":[168],"quality":[170],"life":[172],"barely":[173],"measured.":[174],"Salt":[175],"reduction":[176],"lowered":[179],"blood":[180],"pressure":[181],"by":[182,197],"-6.91/-3.91":[183],"mm":[184,199],"Hg":[185,200],"high":[187],"certainty":[188],"21":[190],"studies":[191],"(McMahon":[192,206],"34164803),":[195],"10/4":[198],"20-person":[203],"crossover":[204],"trial":[205,237],"2013,":[207],"24204003),":[209],"also":[211],"increasing":[212],"symptomatic":[213],"hypotension":[214],"6.70).":[216],"A":[217],"plant-dominant":[218],"low-protein":[219],"framework":[220],"(0.6-0.8":[221],"g/kg/day,":[222],">50%":[223],"plant":[224],"sources;":[225],"Kalantar-Zadeh":[226],"32610641)":[229],"is":[230,266],"presented":[231],"framework,":[234],"not":[235],"result,":[238],"potassium":[241,256],"literature":[242],"review":[243],"(AlSahow":[244],"2023,":[245],"37766841)":[247],"lack":[250],"strong":[252],"evidence":[253],"for":[254],"intense":[255],"restriction":[257],"recommended":[259],"individualized,":[260],"gradual,":[261],"stepwise":[262],"reduction.":[263],"No":[264],"product":[265],"named":[267],"or":[268,278],"recommended;":[269],"gives":[272],"no":[273],"supplement":[274],"recommendation":[275],"clinician":[277],"pharmacist":[279],"review.":[280],"Evidence":[281],"grade:":[282],"MODERATE.":[283],"Educational":[284],"Buddha":[288],"Ayurvedic":[289],"School":[290],"Medicine:":[292],"https://buddha.hospital":[293]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}