{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225619575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3","title":"Does comprehensive public hospital reform influence the healthcare costs of inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis? An interrupted time series analysis in western China","display_name":"Does comprehensive public hospital reform influence the healthcare costs of inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis? An interrupted time series analysis in western China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225619575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161323674","display_name":"Yanghaotian Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3017480383","display_name":"Southwest Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2rqs52","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017480383"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086248","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0014a0n68","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanghaotian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health School of The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China","School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health School of The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017480383","https://openalex.org/I4210086248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017480383"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161339131","display_name":"Mingjie He","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjie He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161304791","display_name":"Xuemei Han","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032902431","display_name":"Jingfu Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0039-6767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0039-6767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingfu Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032902431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-hospital-reform","display_name":"public hospital reform","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"pulmonary tuberculosis","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-pocket-costs","display_name":"out-of-pocket costs","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-service-pricing","display_name":"medical service pricing","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-medical-insurance","display_name":"basic medical insurance","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization-costs","display_name":"hospital costs","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7386000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.6035000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780958618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q945621","display_name":"Average cost","level":2,"score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.5048999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5038999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524218345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31218","display_name":"Health economics","level":3,"score":0.49059998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778584109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60603744","display_name":"Health care reform","level":4,"score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137992405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137608","display_name":"Health administration","level":3,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.45660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019354653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690885","display_name":"Medical costs","level":3,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775860198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257872","display_name":"Public hospital","level":2,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983635472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334911","display_name":"Health insurance","level":3,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983335822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost analysis","level":2,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.3709000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991717224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334911","display_name":"Medical insurance","level":2,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017581826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077518","display_name":"Cost control","level":2,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127454912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost\u2013benefit analysis","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145096142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333450","display_name":"Economic cost","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780089965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39046682","display_name":"Interrupted time series","level":3,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6964187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659256","display_name":"Indirect costs","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518773536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918533","display_name":"Nursing research","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984542250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519138","display_name":"National health insurance","level":3,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909024267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39046682","display_name":"Interrupted Time Series Analysis","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-16043-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6977409390","https://openalex.org/W4323363894","https://openalex.org/W4295193414","https://openalex.org/W4294433590","https://openalex.org/W2259168515","https://openalex.org/W7155357153","https://openalex.org/W2968658592","https://openalex.org/W2978422833","https://openalex.org/W7213502787","https://openalex.org/W3107012681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"December":[1],"2016,":[2],"the":[3,14,22,34,37,58,97,100,102,132,172,185,201,209,218,222,243,250,257,284,300],"Chinese":[4],"government":[5],"launched":[6],"a":[7,238],"comprehensive":[8,232],"reform":[9,38,210,233],"of":[10,36,62,110,123,151,234,245,283,290],"public":[11,235],"hospitals,":[12],"including":[13],"zero-markup":[15],"drug":[16],"policy":[17,259],"(ZMDP)":[18],"and":[19,41,84,95,112,121,126,155,160,174,248,267,275],"adjustments":[20],"to":[21,32,68,78],"price":[23,265],"compensation":[24,268],"mechanism":[25],"for":[26,45,253,270],"medical":[27,59,90,134,156,246,271],"services.":[28,272],"This":[29,50],"study":[30,51],"aimed":[31],"assess":[33,79],"impact":[35],"on":[39,54],"hospitalization":[40,83,182],"out-of-pocket":[42],"(OOP)":[43],"costs":[44,56,86,150,183,247,252,274],"pulmonary":[46],"tuberculosis":[47],"(PTB)":[48],"patients.":[49,255],"collected":[52],"data":[53],"healthcare":[55],"from":[57,66],"insurance":[60,91],"database":[61],"Luzhou":[63],"City,":[64],"China":[65],"2015":[67],"2018.":[69],"An":[70],"interrupted":[71],"time":[72],"series":[73],"(ITS)":[74],"analysis":[75],"was":[76,211,225],"used":[77],"monthly":[80,167],"changes":[81],"in":[82,184,200,221,241,299],"OOP":[85,117,127,161,197,273,276],"across":[87],"different":[88,291],"basic":[89],"(BMI)":[92],"groups":[93],"before":[94],"after":[96,208],"reform.":[98],"After":[99],"reform,":[101],"median":[103,108,116,133],"total":[104,146,251],"cost":[105,109,118,125,128,136,147,162,198],"per":[106,114,119,137,148,158,163],"visit,":[107,115,120,149,159],"medicines":[111],"materials":[113],"proportions":[122],"medicine":[124],"decreased":[129,204,278],"significantly,":[130],"whereas":[131,217],"service":[135],"visit":[138,164],"increased":[139],"significantly":[140,279],"(":[141,213,227],"P":[142,214,228],"<":[143,215],"0.001).":[144],"The":[145,196,231,287],"medicines,":[152],"examinations,":[153],"materials,":[154],"services":[157],"showed":[165,193],"long-term":[166,258],"downward":[168],"trends.":[169],"Compared":[170],"with":[171,297],"Urban":[173,186],"Rural":[175],"Resident":[176],"Basic":[177,188],"Medical":[178,189],"Insurance":[179,190],"(URRBMI)":[180],"group,":[181],"Employee":[187],"(UEBMI)":[191],"group":[192,203,224],"larger":[194],"variation.":[195],"proportion":[199,277],"URRBMI":[202],"by":[205,263],"3.94%":[206],"immediately":[207],"implemented":[212],"0.01),":[216],"level":[219],"change":[220],"UEBMI":[223],"insignificant":[226],">":[229],"0.05).":[230],"hospitals":[236],"played":[237],"positive":[239],"role":[240],"optimizing":[242],"structure":[244],"reducing":[249],"PTB":[254],"However,":[256],"effects":[260],"were":[261],"limited":[262],"deficient":[264],"assessment":[266],"mechanisms":[269],"but":[280],"fell":[281],"short":[282],"expected":[285],"target.":[286],"inconsistent":[288],"responses":[289],"BMI":[292,301],"beneficiaries":[293],"may":[294],"be":[295],"associated":[296],"inequalities":[298],"benefits.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}