{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225618868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1","title":"Climatology, Variability, and Extremes of the Initial Spread Index Across Alaska\u2019s Boreal and Tundra Regions","display_name":"Climatology, Variability, and Extremes of the Initial Spread Index Across Alaska\u2019s Boreal and Tundra Regions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225618868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61542342","display_name":"Earth Interactions","issn_l":"1087-3562","issn":["1087-3562"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Interactions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161341451","display_name":"Jacob Coffey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570543","display_name":"International Arctic Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/012prxm53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Coffey","raw_affiliation_strings":["aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","bDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"bDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161309651","display_name":"Rick Lader","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570543","display_name":"International Arctic Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/012prxm53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rick Lader","raw_affiliation_strings":["aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023715578","display_name":"Uma S. Bhatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-3686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-3686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uma S. Bhatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["bDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","cGeophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"bDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"cGeophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053476940","display_name":"Thomas J. Ballinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8722-1927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8722-1927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570543","display_name":"International Arctic Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/012prxm53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas J. Ballinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161304284","display_name":"Benjamin Bartos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095787","display_name":"NOAA National Weather Service","ror":"https://ror.org/00tgqzw13","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210095787"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Bartos","raw_affiliation_strings":["eNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska National Weather Service, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"eNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska National Weather Service, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I4210095787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088245325","display_name":"Peter A. Bieniek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1227-2313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1227-2313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570543","display_name":"International Arctic Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/012prxm53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter A. Bieniek","raw_affiliation_strings":["aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068883146","display_name":"Elizabeth Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-2696","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-2696"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570543","display_name":"International Arctic Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/012prxm53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094260945","display_name":"Joshua Hostler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5155-8854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5155-8854"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570543","display_name":"International Arctic Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/012prxm53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Hostler","raw_affiliation_strings":["aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","bDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"bDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161314112","display_name":"I.V. Polyakov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570543","display_name":"International Arctic Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/012prxm53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I.V. Polyakov","raw_affiliation_strings":["aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","bDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"bDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161327682","display_name":"Hilary Shook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570543","display_name":"International Arctic Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/012prxm53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilary Shook","raw_affiliation_strings":["aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088063775","display_name":"Heidi Strader","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heidi Strader","raw_affiliation_strings":["dAlaska Interagency Coordination Center, Alaska Fire Service, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"dAlaska Interagency Coordination Center, Alaska Fire Service, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087465666","display_name":"Christine F. Waigl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0783-7324","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0783-7324"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570543","display_name":"International Arctic Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/012prxm53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine F. Waigl","raw_affiliation_strings":["aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000214684","display_name":"Alison York","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-4383","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-4383"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570543","display_name":"International Arctic Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/012prxm53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison York","raw_affiliation_strings":["aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I4396570543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initial-spread-index","display_name":"Initial Spread Index","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-rate-of-spread","display_name":"fire spread rate","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canadian-forest-fire-danger-rating-system","display_name":"Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boreal-wildfires","display_name":"boreal forest fires","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tundra-fire","display_name":"tundra fire","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed-sensitivity","display_name":"wind speed sensitivity","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-humidity","display_name":"relative humidity","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-management","display_name":"fire management","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.754800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125069764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43262","display_name":"Tundra","level":3,"score":0.6635000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.5954999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.579800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100537666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q893477","display_name":"Boreal","level":2,"score":0.5437999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983637589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066823","display_name":"National weather service","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87621631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69564","display_name":"Taiga","level":2,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126691448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2028919","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127142870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7838279","display_name":"Trend analysis","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125403950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111082","display_name":"Seasonality","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49364354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293777","display_name":"Apparent temperature","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507956050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14524818","display_name":"El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61542342","display_name":"Earth Interactions","issn_l":"1087-3562","issn":["1087-3562"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Interactions","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-25-0047.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61542342","display_name":"Earth Interactions","issn_l":"1087-3562","issn":["1087-3562"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Interactions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403905173","https://openalex.org/W4318035750","https://openalex.org/W3201030965","https://openalex.org/W4393232718","https://openalex.org/W2150043416","https://openalex.org/W3021501372","https://openalex.org/W7096760328","https://openalex.org/W2744573222","https://openalex.org/W4412423893","https://openalex.org/W2148468301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"Initial":[2],"Spread":[3],"Index":[4],"(ISI),":[5],"a":[6,134,235,245],"component":[7],"of":[8,20,58,122,145,151,158,238],"the":[9,17,49,80,86,103,110,139,143,148,171,179],"Canadian":[10],"Forest":[11],"Fire":[12],"Danger":[13],"Rating":[14],"System,":[15],"quantifies":[16],"expected":[18],"rate":[19],"fire":[21,73,123,240,249],"spread":[22],"and":[23,36,55,72,82,142,198,219,252,257],"is":[24],"used":[25],"operationally":[26],"across":[27,129,254],"Alaska.":[28,45,94],"Despite":[29],"its":[30,232],"importance,":[31],"ISI's":[32],"historical":[33,152],"behavior,":[34],"variability,":[35],"environmental":[37],"sensitivity":[38],"have":[39],"not":[40,207],"been":[41],"systematically":[42],"characterized":[43],"for":[44,247],"This":[46],"study":[47],"presents":[48],"first":[50],"Alaska-wide":[51],"climatology,":[52],"trend":[53],"analysis,":[54],"extremes":[56],"assessment":[57],"ISI":[59,76,100,125,153,173,184,204,223],"using":[60],"gridded":[61],"reanalysis":[62],"data":[63],"spanning":[64],"1991\u20132024,":[65],"organized":[66],"by":[67,193],"Predictive":[68],"Service":[69],"Areas":[70],"(PSAs)":[71],"season":[74,250],"sub-seasons.":[75],"climatology":[77],"peaks":[78],"during":[79],"wind-driven":[81],"duff":[83],"sub-seasons,":[84],"with":[85,102,118,133,226],"highest":[87],"values":[88,205],"at":[89],"low":[90],"elevations":[91],"in":[92,109,138,156,228],"interior":[93],"Decadal":[95],"trends":[96],"show":[97,222],"increasing":[98],"early-season":[99],"statewide,":[101],"strongest,":[104],"most":[105],"statistically":[106,135],"significant":[107,136],"increases":[108,168],"Upper":[111],"Yukon":[112],"Valley":[113],"(\u22650.5":[114],"per":[115],"decade),":[116],"consistent":[117],"an":[119],"earlier":[120],"onset":[121],"activity.":[124],"variability":[126,174],"has":[127,154],"increased":[128,155,192],"all":[130],"PSA":[131,160],"groups,":[132],"rise":[137],"East":[140],"Boreal,":[141],"frequency":[144],"days":[146],"exceeding":[147],"95th":[149],"percentile":[150],"17":[157],"18":[159],"regions.":[161,259],"Sensitivity":[162],"analysis":[163],"showed":[164],"that":[165],"wind":[166],"speed":[167],"lead":[169],"to":[170,176,196,200],"greatest":[172],"(+12%":[175],"+60%),":[177],"while":[178],"largest":[180],"impacts":[181],"on":[182],"mean":[183],"occurred":[185],"when":[186,209],"relative":[187],"humidity":[188],"was":[189],"decreased":[190],"or":[191],"30%":[194],"(+39%":[195],"+77%":[197],"\u221227%":[199],"\u221272%,":[201],"respectively);":[202],"high":[203],"did":[206],"occur":[208],"precipitation":[210],"exceeded":[211],"2":[212],"mm.":[213],"Case":[214],"studies":[215],"from":[216],"June":[217],"2013":[218],"May":[220],"2021":[221],"spikes":[224],"aligned":[225],"surges":[227],"acres":[229],"burned,":[230],"supporting":[231],"value":[233],"as":[234],"diagnostic":[236],"indicator":[237],"rapid":[239],"spread.":[241],"These":[242],"findings":[243],"provide":[244],"foundation":[246],"improved":[248],"planning":[251],"management":[253],"Alaska's":[255],"boreal":[256],"tundra":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}