{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225618829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77208-y","title":"Modulation of cell death and neurogenesis by early intervention with sodium butyrate and galantamine in a streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer\u2019s rat model","display_name":"Modulation of cell death and neurogenesis by early intervention with sodium butyrate and galantamine in a streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer\u2019s rat model","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225618829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77208-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77208-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77208-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77208-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77208-y_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77208-y_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161330385","display_name":"Fereshteh Anbarian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-4127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-4127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767979","display_name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbsdf87","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767979"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fereshteh Anbarian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-4127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204","https://openalex.org/I4391767979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030623885","display_name":"Morteza Asghariehahari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0304-284X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0304-284X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767979","display_name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbsdf87","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767979"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morteza Asghariehahari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0304-284X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204","https://openalex.org/I4391767979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039242063","display_name":"Leila Chodari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9263-8583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9263-8583"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767979","display_name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbsdf87","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767979"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leila Chodari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran","Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9263-8583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204","https://openalex.org/I4391767979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204","https://openalex.org/I4391767979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014385814","display_name":"Zahra Niknam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-2594","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-2594","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9526-9314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767979","display_name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbsdf87","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767979"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Niknam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-2594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204","https://openalex.org/I4391767979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014385814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204","https://openalex.org/I4391767979"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12891","display_name":"Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12023","display_name":"Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-butyrate","display_name":"sodium butyrate","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galantamine","display_name":"galantamine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hippocampal-neurogenesis","display_name":"hippocampal neurogenesis","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-death","display_name":"neuronal cell death","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloid-beta-deposition","display_name":"amyloid-beta deposition","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-learning-and-memory","display_name":"spatial learning and memory","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bax-bcl-2-ratio","display_name":"Bax/Bcl-2 ratio","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-maturation","display_name":"neuronal maturation","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doublecortin","display_name":"doublecortin","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-iii-tubulin","display_name":"TUBB3","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.781000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781461022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14912973","display_name":"Doublecortin","level":4,"score":0.8657000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778942008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305004","display_name":"Sodium butyrate","level":3,"score":0.8464000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4746552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456827","display_name":"Neurogenesis","level":2,"score":0.8434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44752575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417562","display_name":"Morris water navigation task","level":3,"score":0.6699000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148762608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3748185","display_name":"Hippocampal formation","level":2,"score":0.6129000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25498285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981368","display_name":"Neuroprotection","level":2,"score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.5321999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781161787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48360","display_name":"Hippocampus","level":2,"score":0.5238000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5231999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779056891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412690","display_name":"Galantamine","level":5,"score":0.4643999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257331","display_name":"Streptozotocin","level":3,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.43549999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775847253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7579050","display_name":"Spontaneous alternation","level":3,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776464000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545787","display_name":"Dentate gyrus","level":3,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779042817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815736","display_name":"Memory improvement","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.2587999999523163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77208-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77208-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77208-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77208-y_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77208-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77208-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77208-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77208-y_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329492","display_name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbsdf87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337090","display_name":"Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225618829.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225618829.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994580609","https://openalex.org/W2123491442","https://openalex.org/W2513485137","https://openalex.org/W4380730266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385393692","https://openalex.org/W7165667958","https://openalex.org/W3215904323","https://openalex.org/W4415388015","https://openalex.org/W3016769552","https://openalex.org/W2999283181","https://openalex.org/W4307235835","https://openalex.org/W2810388046","https://openalex.org/W7205005593","https://openalex.org/W2141334602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,15,89,166,198,242],"multifactorial":[2],"nature":[3],"of":[4,24,51,134,140,215,244],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[5],"disease":[6],"(AD),":[7],"early":[8,141,190,216,220,247],"combination":[9,78,205,246],"therapies":[10],"targeting":[11],"complementary":[12],"pathways":[13],"offer":[14],"most":[16,167],"effective":[17],"neuroprotection.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20],"investigated":[21],"neuroprotective":[22],"potential":[23,213,243],"sodium":[25],"butyrate":[26],"(NaB)":[27],"combined":[28],"with":[29,39,69,156,189,222,228],"galantamine":[30],"(Gal),":[31],"focusing":[32],"on":[33],"cell":[34,97,122,182],"survival":[35],"and":[36,42,65,84,99,107,127,137,146,152,181,185,224,232],"markers":[37,187],"associated":[38,188,227],"hippocampal":[40,118,202],"neurogenesis":[41,100],"structural":[43,192],"maturation":[44],"in":[45,201,235],"a":[46,212],"streptozotocin":[47],"(STZ)-induced":[48],"rat":[49],"model":[50],"sporadic":[52],"AD.":[53],"Male":[54],"Wistar":[55],"rats":[56],"received":[57],"intracerebroventricular":[58],"STZ":[59,111,158],"injection":[60],"to":[61,174],"induce":[62],"AD-like":[63],"pathology":[64],"were":[66,86,101],"treated":[67],"orally":[68],"Gal":[70,145,163,195,225],"(10":[71],"mg/kg),":[72,75],"NaB":[73,147,161,223],"(600":[74],"or":[76],"their":[77],"for":[79,249],"14":[80],"days.":[81],"Spatial":[82],"learning":[83],"memory":[85],"evaluated":[87],"using":[88],"Morris":[90],"Water":[91],"Maze":[92],"(MWM).":[93],"Hippocampal":[94],"A\u03b2":[95,119,179],"deposition,":[96],"death,":[98],"assessed":[102],"by":[103],"immunofluorescence,":[104],"TUNEL":[105],"assay,":[106],"Western":[108],"blot":[109],"analyses.":[110],"administration":[112],"induced":[113],"significant":[114],"cognitive":[115,172,233],"impairment,":[116],"increased":[117,208],"accumulation,":[120],"elevated":[121],"death":[123,183],"markers,":[124,130,184],"BAX/Bcl-2":[125],"ratio,":[126],"reduced":[128],"neurogenesis-associated":[129],"doublecortin":[131],"(DCX;":[132],"marker":[133],"immature":[135],"neurons),":[136],"\u03b2III-tubulin":[138,209],"(marker":[139],"neuronal":[142,191,217],"maturation).":[143],"Both":[144],"monotherapies":[148],"significantly":[149,207],"improved":[150],"behavioral":[151],"molecular":[153],"outcomes":[154],"compared":[155],"untreated":[157],"rats.":[159,238],"Combined":[160],"+":[162],"treatment":[164],"produced":[165],"pronounced":[168],"overall":[169],"recovery,":[170],"restoring":[171],"performance":[173],"near-control":[175],"levels,":[176],"markedly":[177],"reducing":[178],"burden":[180],"modulating":[186],"maturation.":[193,218],"While":[194],"alone":[196],"showed":[197],"strongest":[199],"increase":[200],"DCX":[203],"immunoreactivity,":[204],"therapy":[206],"expression,":[210],"suggesting":[211],"facilitation":[214],"Conclusively,":[219],"co-intervention":[221],"is":[226],"neuroprotection,":[229],"enhanced":[230],"neurogenesis,":[231],"function":[234],"STZ-induced":[236],"AD":[237,250],"These":[239],"findings":[240],"support":[241],"multi-target":[245],"strategies":[248],"treatment.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}