{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225618760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6056","title":"Heavy Metal Concentrations and Associated Health Risks in Edible Vegetables Sold in Selected Market in Alimosho, Lagos State, Nigeria","display_name":"Heavy Metal Concentrations and Associated Health Risks in Edible Vegetables Sold in Selected Market in Alimosho, Lagos State, Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225618760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6056"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6056","pdf_url":"https://fjs.fudutsinma.org.ng/index.php/fjs/article/download/6056/4242","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://fjs.fudutsinma.org.ng/index.php/fjs/article/download/6056/4242","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030063197","display_name":"Esther Oluwasayo Oladele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0890-6507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0890-6507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197610006","display_name":"University of Lagos","ror":"https://ror.org/05rk03822","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197610006"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther O Oladele","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lagos"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lagos","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197610006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161321071","display_name":"Olusoji Adewumi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olusoji Adewumi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011261301","display_name":"Achem Daniel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Achem","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161309308","display_name":"Victoria Nwokoma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Nwokoma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"21","first_page":"336","last_page":"341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13079","display_name":"Heavy Metals in Plants","score":0.02889999933540821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-pollution","display_name":"heavy metal contamination","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edible-vegetables","display_name":"edible vegetables","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telfairia-occidentalis","display_name":"Telfairia occidentalis","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/okra","display_name":"okra","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-exposure-assessment","display_name":"dietary exposure assessment","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-health-risk","display_name":"human health risk","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-index","display_name":"hazard index","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-risk","display_name":"cancer risk","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-safety","display_name":"food safety","score":0.6489999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779680964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16947365","display_name":"Hazard quotient","level":3,"score":0.7354000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.6420999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193230392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663054","display_name":"Ingestion","level":2,"score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984618805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779794483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk assessment","level":3,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33619061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655346","display_name":"Atomic absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909659737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21005","display_name":"Maximum Allowable Concentration","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150668497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104870826","display_name":"Dry weight","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34135077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511075","display_name":"Food contaminant","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776657025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7814215","display_name":"Tolerable daily intake","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6056","pdf_url":"https://fjs.fudutsinma.org.ng/index.php/fjs/article/download/6056/4242","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng:article/6056","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://fjs.fudutsinma.org.ng/index.php/index/article/view/6056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2645-2944","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1021-6056","pdf_url":"https://fjs.fudutsinma.org.ng/index.php/fjs/article/download/6056/4242","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225618760.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225618760.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2597462464","https://openalex.org/W2962679080","https://openalex.org/W2994659498","https://openalex.org/W3092809799","https://openalex.org/W4213094631","https://openalex.org/W4324064553","https://openalex.org/W4327906508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548134984","https://openalex.org/W4303646197","https://openalex.org/W2756500773","https://openalex.org/W3109057989","https://openalex.org/W6947926098","https://openalex.org/W2938180803","https://openalex.org/W2922028737","https://openalex.org/W7122042505","https://openalex.org/W4413472778","https://openalex.org/W7172506237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38,115],"concentrations":[1,121],"of":[2,112,122,198],"cadmium":[3],"(Cd),":[4],"lead":[5],"(Pb),":[6],"and":[7,19,47,86,106,133,141,152,186,222],"zinc":[8],"(Zn)":[9],"in":[10,28,139,158,218,224],"fluted":[11],"pumpkin":[12],"(Telfairia":[13],"occidentalis),":[14],"locally":[15],"known":[16],"as":[17,231],"ugwu,":[18,140],"okra":[20],"(Abelmoschus":[21],"esculentus),":[22],"from":[23],"a":[24,53],"selected":[25],"local":[26,71],"market":[27],"Alimosho":[29],"Local":[30],"Government":[31],"Area,":[32],"Lagos":[33],"State,":[34],"Nigeria":[35],"was":[36,67,182],"evaluated.":[37],"samples":[39],"were":[40,50,229],"analysed":[41],"using":[42,74],"Atomic":[43],"Absorption":[44],"Spectroscopy":[45],"(AAS),":[46],"toxicological":[48],"data":[49],"converted":[51],"to":[52,57,207],"fresh":[54],"weight":[55,111,120],"baseline":[56],"accurately":[58],"evaluate":[59],"human":[60],"health":[61,64,205],"risks.":[62],"Human":[63],"risk":[65,214],"exposure":[66],"appraised":[68],"for":[69,100,104,184,188,216],"the":[70,75,172,178,195,210],"adult":[72,109],"cohort":[73],"Estimated":[76],"Daily":[77],"Intake":[78],"(EDI),":[79],"Hazard":[80,83,180],"Quotient":[81],"(HQ),":[82],"Index":[84,181],"(HI),":[85],"Lifetime":[87],"Carcinogenic":[88],"Risk":[89],"(CR)":[90],"indices":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93,161],"standard":[94],"regional":[95,162],"ingestion":[96],"rates":[97],"(65":[98],"g/day":[99,103],"ugwu;":[101],"50":[102],"okra)":[105],"an":[107],"average":[108],"body":[110],"60":[113],"kg.":[114],"analytical":[116],"results":[117],"revealed":[118],"dry":[119],"0.01":[123,125,130],"\u00b1":[124,129,135,143,148,154],"mg/kg":[126,131,137,145,150,156],"Cd,":[127,146],"0.05":[128],"Pb,":[132,151],"54.11":[134],"1.48":[136],"Zn":[138,157],"0.03":[142],"0.02":[144,149],"0.15":[147],"11.07":[153],"0.07":[155],"okra.":[159],"Based":[160],"moisture":[163],"benchmarks,":[164],"all":[165],"heavy":[166],"metal":[167],"contents":[168],"fell":[169],"safely":[170],"below":[171,193],"maximum":[173],"permissible":[174],"limits":[175],"formalized":[176],"by":[177],"FAO/WHO.":[179],"0.0302":[183],"ugwu":[185,225],"0.0096":[187],"okra;":[189],"which":[190],"are":[191],"substantially":[192],"1.0,":[194],"dietary":[196],"intake":[197],"these":[199],"crops":[200],"poses":[201],"no":[202],"chronic":[203],"non-carcinogenic":[204],"hazards":[206],"consumers.":[208],"Furthermore,":[209],"lifetime":[211],"incremental":[212],"carcinogenic":[213],"metrics":[215],"Pb":[217],"both":[219],"vegetables":[220],"(<10-7)":[221],"Cd":[223],"5.76":[226],"x":[227],"10-7":[228],"classified":[230],"toxicologically":[232],"negligible.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
