{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225618691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215371","title":"Household Energy Demand, Prices, and Energy Mix Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, 2013\u20132023","display_name":"Household Energy Demand, Prices, and Energy Mix Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, 2013\u20132023","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225618691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19215371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215371","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115689509","display_name":"Olgierd Je\u017c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7676-4484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7676-4484"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I305801656","display_name":"Wroclaw University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/013sm1c65","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I305801656"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olgierd Je\u017c","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament of Corporate Finance and Public Finance, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, ul. Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7676-4484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament of Corporate Finance and Public Finance, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, ul. Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I305801656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161316519","display_name":"Kamila Amelia Urba\u0144ska","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kamila Amelia Urba\u0144ska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament of Organizational Management, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, ul. Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament of Organizational Management, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, ul. Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042335845","display_name":"Teresa Kupczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-2128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-2128"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141907","display_name":"Humanitas University in Sosnowiec","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5jv345","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141907"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa Kupczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Management and Quality Sciences, Humanitas University, ul. Kili\u0144skiego 43, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Management and Quality Sciences, Humanitas University, ul. Kili\u0144skiego 43, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024955997","display_name":"Leszek Zelek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-5770","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-5770"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23574469","display_name":"Krakow University of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/0262te083","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23574469"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leszek Zelek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Organization and Management Methods, Krakow University of Economics, ul. Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-5770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organization and Management Methods, Krakow University of Economics, ul. Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23574469"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012150036","display_name":"Arkadiusz G\u00f3rski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3595-9820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3595-9820"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arkadiusz G\u00f3rski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament of Organizational Management, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, ul. Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3595-9820","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament of Organizational Management, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, ul. Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161316519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"21","first_page":"5371","last_page":"5371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12129","display_name":"Global Energy Security and Policy","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2100","display_name":"General Energy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-energy-demand","display_name":"household energy demand","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-prices","display_name":"energy prices","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-carrier-mix","display_name":"energy carrier mix","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-and-eastern-europe","display_name":"Central and Eastern Europe","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heating-degree-days","display_name":"heating degree days","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooling-degree-days","display_name":"cooling degree days","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"power consumption","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-affordability","display_name":"energy affordability","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-transition","display_name":"energy transition","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-energy-consumption","display_name":"household energy consumption","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91602232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756115","display_name":"Volatility (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5033000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.4271000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205763305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14524610","display_name":"Heating degree day","level":3,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20522121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589458","display_name":"Computable general equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777682434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341346","display_name":"Energy mix","level":4,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131046424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805337","display_name":"Energy policy","level":3,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44648626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049848","display_name":"Percentage point","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983177510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1853339","display_name":"Energy demand","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97615858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341351","display_name":"Energy intensity","level":3,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988649059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1853339","display_name":"Electricity demand","level":4,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13882206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473160","display_name":"Energy economics","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19215371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19215371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19215371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9090999960899353},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7882999777793884}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1048524646","https://openalex.org/W1713404048","https://openalex.org/W1981723822","https://openalex.org/W1986511531","https://openalex.org/W2032162305","https://openalex.org/W2032265233","https://openalex.org/W2033777908","https://openalex.org/W2056671189","https://openalex.org/W2071259844","https://openalex.org/W2084307684","https://openalex.org/W2088537608","https://openalex.org/W2089635373","https://openalex.org/W2118836230","https://openalex.org/W2136182473","https://openalex.org/W2139035425","https://openalex.org/W2147618390","https://openalex.org/W2346125113","https://openalex.org/W2415093954","https://openalex.org/W2467912715","https://openalex.org/W2538533053","https://openalex.org/W2589478895","https://openalex.org/W2591768290","https://openalex.org/W2606133122","https://openalex.org/W2644696687","https://openalex.org/W2748618850","https://openalex.org/W2778835160","https://openalex.org/W2789387377","https://openalex.org/W2791422748","https://openalex.org/W2791621544","https://openalex.org/W2805702987","https://openalex.org/W2893703862","https://openalex.org/W2910353964","https://openalex.org/W2911972242","https://openalex.org/W2922801944","https://openalex.org/W2944602390","https://openalex.org/W2954435069","https://openalex.org/W2993468199","https://openalex.org/W3015636953","https://openalex.org/W3024099901","https://openalex.org/W3025433793","https://openalex.org/W3030842263","https://openalex.org/W3047569825","https://openalex.org/W3058673272","https://openalex.org/W3088336682","https://openalex.org/W3092367963","https://openalex.org/W3109425801","https://openalex.org/W3122806311","https://openalex.org/W3123459903","https://openalex.org/W3156042878","https://openalex.org/W3159914113","https://openalex.org/W3167062744","https://openalex.org/W3167258153","https://openalex.org/W3178867681","https://openalex.org/W3179512728","https://openalex.org/W3184828008","https://openalex.org/W3192442481","https://openalex.org/W3199098027","https://openalex.org/W3206178349","https://openalex.org/W3207007311","https://openalex.org/W3214826383","https://openalex.org/W4200135462","https://openalex.org/W4207021089","https://openalex.org/W4221005676","https://openalex.org/W4280553969","https://openalex.org/W4283397665","https://openalex.org/W4285384399","https://openalex.org/W4297902845","https://openalex.org/W4305072814","https://openalex.org/W4306149374","https://openalex.org/W4311852534","https://openalex.org/W4313420436","https://openalex.org/W4317725762","https://openalex.org/W4320518887","https://openalex.org/W4321487027","https://openalex.org/W4366529446","https://openalex.org/W4366985502","https://openalex.org/W4368374036","https://openalex.org/W4378084037","https://openalex.org/W4379259966","https://openalex.org/W4385348511","https://openalex.org/W4386170306","https://openalex.org/W4386517560","https://openalex.org/W4386741356","https://openalex.org/W4386850281","https://openalex.org/W4387030102","https://openalex.org/W4394002507","https://openalex.org/W4394019003","https://openalex.org/W4394913389","https://openalex.org/W4395673832","https://openalex.org/W4403602865","https://openalex.org/W4404587897","https://openalex.org/W4404643505","https://openalex.org/W4404830382","https://openalex.org/W4405078695","https://openalex.org/W4405810850","https://openalex.org/W4406864395","https://openalex.org/W4407064791","https://openalex.org/W4408985767","https://openalex.org/W4409524916","https://openalex.org/W4409973816","https://openalex.org/W4410823997","https://openalex.org/W4412199333","https://openalex.org/W4413039346","https://openalex.org/W4414715040","https://openalex.org/W4415298795","https://openalex.org/W4416451335","https://openalex.org/W4417507156","https://openalex.org/W7160528326","https://openalex.org/W7167668227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4224267145","https://openalex.org/W4364367209","https://openalex.org/W3205091816","https://openalex.org/W4416287415","https://openalex.org/W4386838414","https://openalex.org/W4200029122","https://openalex.org/W7155072587","https://openalex.org/W6894048470","https://openalex.org/W4391265111","https://openalex.org/W7171531668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"household":[3,38,87,143,270],"energy":[4,34,84,124],"demand,":[5],"prices,":[6],"and":[7,14,33,62,76,81,96,163,170,180,192,228,245],"changes":[8,230,246],"in":[9,12,91,98,122,148,202,221,224,237,247],"energy-carrier":[10,146],"mixes":[11],"Central":[13],"Eastern":[15],"Europe":[16],"during":[17],"2013\u20132023.":[18],"Structural":[19],"comparisons":[20,212],"use":[21,28,85,125,141],"a":[22,29,52,56,158,232,235],"balanced":[23,30],"15-country":[24],"panel;":[25],"demand":[26,102],"models":[27,65,129],"12-country":[31],"panel":[32],"consumption":[35],"per":[36,86,126,142],"private":[37,45],"calculated":[39],"using":[40],"annual":[41,164,218,229],"Eurostat":[42],"counts":[43],"of":[44,157,178],"households.":[46],"The":[47,113,128,263],"proportional":[48],"HDD":[49,108],"adjustment":[50],"is":[51,207,239],"sensitivity":[53],"measure,":[54],"not":[55,111,118,131,153,214,240,250,257],"validated":[57],"end-use":[58],"weather":[59],"normalization.":[60],"Country":[61],"year":[63],"fixed-effects":[64],"are":[66,167,249],"assessed":[67],"with":[68,138,161],"alternative":[69],"specifications,":[70],"household-series":[71],"break":[72],"controls,":[73],"standardized":[74],"magnitudes,":[75],"wild-cluster-bootstrap":[77],"inference.":[78],"Between":[79],"2013":[80],"2023,":[82],"raw":[83],"decreases":[88],"by":[89],"13.4%":[90],"Group":[92,100,149],"A":[93],"(seven":[94],"countries)":[95],"3.9%":[97],"the":[99,107,133,155,188,253],"B":[101],"subsample":[103],"(five":[104],"countries),":[105],"whereas":[106],"proxies":[109],"do":[110,130,213,256],"decline.":[112],"joint":[114],"climate-interaction":[115],"test":[116],"does":[117,152],"establish":[119,132,154,215],"group":[120,200],"differences":[121],"unadjusted":[123],"household.":[127],"expected":[134],"positive":[135],"CDD":[136],"associations":[137],"either":[139],"electricity":[140],"or":[144,272],"its":[145],"share":[147],"B;":[150],"nonsignificance":[151],"absence":[156],"relationship.":[159],"Associations":[160],"prices":[162],"generation-share":[165,254],"levels":[166,227],"sample-,":[168],"classification-,":[169],"specification-sensitive.":[171],"Fixed-country":[172],"structural":[173],"checks,":[174],"including":[175],"an":[176],"exchange":[177],"Hungary":[179],"Slovenia":[181,191],"between":[182],"groups,":[183],"qualify":[184],"convergence":[185],"claims.":[186],"Under":[187],"baseline":[189],"grouping,":[190],"Albania":[193],"have":[194],"Florence":[195],"indices":[196],"above":[197],"their":[198],"respective":[199],"means":[201],"all":[203],"eleven":[204],"years;":[205],"this":[206],"descriptive":[208],"evidence.":[209],"Paired":[210],"country-level":[211],"higher":[216],"mean":[217],"carrier":[219],"turnover":[220],"2021\u20132023":[222],"than":[223],"2014\u20132020.":[225],"Price":[226],"document":[231],"heterogeneous":[233],"shock;":[234],"rise":[236],"volatility":[238],"formally":[241],"tested.":[242],"Affordability,":[243],"comfort,":[244],"resilience":[248],"directly":[251],"measured;":[252],"regressions":[255],"determine":[258],"whether":[259],"renewables":[260],"improve":[261],"resilience.":[262],"framework":[264],"informs":[265],"policy":[266],"appraisal":[267],"without":[268],"identifying":[269],"mechanisms":[271],"intervention":[273],"effects.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
