{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225618057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v5i6.8832","title":"Teachers\u2019 Methods for Promoting Moral Character among Pre-Primary Pupils: A Qualitative Exploration in Tanzania","display_name":"Teachers\u2019 Methods for Promoting Moral Character among Pre-Primary Pupils: A Qualitative Exploration in Tanzania","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225618057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v5i6.8832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.54536/ajmri.v5i6.8832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v5i6.8832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v5i6.8832","pdf_url":"https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajmri/article/download/8832/4408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651483","display_name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation","issn_l":"2158-8155","issn":["2158-8155","2832-4854"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajmri/article/download/8832/4408","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159248944","display_name":"Nicholaus Shega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7856-5441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7856-5441"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182078086","display_name":"University of Dar es Salaam","ror":"https://ror.org/0479aed98","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholaus Shega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Foundation, Management and Lifelong Learning, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, P.O.BOX 2329, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7856-5441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Foundation, Management and Lifelong Learning, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, P.O.BOX 2329, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081950020","display_name":"Wei Shuguang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8647-6946","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8647-6946"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuguang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, P.O.BOX 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, P.O.BOX 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"6","first_page":"25","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12531","display_name":"Values and Moral Education","score":0.7211999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12531","display_name":"Values and Moral Education","score":0.7211999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14449","display_name":"Education and Character Development","score":0.2782999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13987","display_name":"Child Development and Education","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-character-development","display_name":"moral character formation","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-education","display_name":"preschool education","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-methods","display_name":"teacher methods","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storytelling","display_name":"storytelling","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-by-example","display_name":"teaching by example","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-and-punishment","display_name":"reward and punishment","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-involvement","display_name":"parental involvement","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-community-partnership","display_name":"school-community partnership","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religion-in-education","display_name":"religion in education","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counseling","display_name":"counseling","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.41499999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200113983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Morality","level":2,"score":0.6366000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.6266000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.5806999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.5163999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062949","display_name":"Character education","level":3,"score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521751864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729207","display_name":"Christian ministry","level":2,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76247681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909101","display_name":"Moral development","level":2,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12504525","display_name":"Moral character","level":2,"score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20353970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056998","display_name":"Simple random sample","level":3,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018867984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056391","display_name":"Head teachers","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157532075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3426207","display_name":"Work ethic","level":3,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911096953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Moral standards","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.54536/ajmri.v5i6.8832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v5i6.8832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v5i6.8832","pdf_url":"https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajmri/article/download/8832/4408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651483","display_name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation","issn_l":"2158-8155","issn":["2158-8155","2832-4854"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.54536/ajmri.v5i6.8832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v5i6.8832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v5i6.8832","pdf_url":"https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajmri/article/download/8832/4408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651483","display_name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation","issn_l":"2158-8155","issn":["2158-8155","2832-4854"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225618057.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225618057.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678084289","https://openalex.org/W1910368904","https://openalex.org/W2010439742","https://openalex.org/W2013423818","https://openalex.org/W2019783910","https://openalex.org/W2091485380","https://openalex.org/W2148941332","https://openalex.org/W2331113523","https://openalex.org/W2906134251","https://openalex.org/W2954283177","https://openalex.org/W2967825049","https://openalex.org/W3044974231","https://openalex.org/W3171560185","https://openalex.org/W3213644711","https://openalex.org/W4233178409","https://openalex.org/W4309999676","https://openalex.org/W4385388958","https://openalex.org/W4389487358","https://openalex.org/W4408679030","https://openalex.org/W4409732509","https://openalex.org/W4410462739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3171560185","https://openalex.org/W4410944818","https://openalex.org/W7216053981","https://openalex.org/W7215325906","https://openalex.org/W4405179600","https://openalex.org/W7128797904","https://openalex.org/W7165153600","https://openalex.org/W7162649777","https://openalex.org/W4400592583","https://openalex.org/W7165637482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,14,28,46,68],"study":[1,15,26,29,47],"explored":[2],"the":[3,62,73,84,103,111,127,133,148,151,179,230],"methods":[4,74,87],"used":[5,48,75],"by":[6,76,92],"teachers":[7,77,159,210,212],"to":[8,78],"promote":[9,79],"pre-primary":[10,80,117],"pupils\u2019":[11,81],"moral":[12,82,112],"character.":[13],"employed":[16],"constructivism":[17],"research":[18],"paradigm":[19],"and":[20,43,51,56,99,135,162,181,200,203,207,211,224,228],"qualitative":[21],"approach":[22],"with":[23,34,192,222],"a":[24,35,175],"case":[25],"design.":[27],"involved":[30],"six":[31],"preprimary":[32],"schools":[33,118],"sample":[36],"size":[37],"of":[38,64,114,130,141,153,158],"thirty":[39],"respondents;":[40],"10":[41],"males":[42],"20":[44],"females.":[45],"simple":[49],"random":[50],"purposive":[52],"sampling":[53],"techniques.":[54],"Interview":[55],"observation":[57],"data":[58],"were":[59,88],"analyzed":[60],"through":[61,126,150,205],"use":[63],"an":[65],"interpretative":[66],"approach.":[67],"findings":[69],"indicate":[70],"that,":[71],"regarding":[72,160],"character,":[83],"most":[85],"effective":[86],"collaboration,":[89],"storytelling,":[90],"teaching":[91],"example,":[93],"rewards,":[94],"punishment,":[95],"parental":[96],"involvement,":[97],"counseling,":[98],"religion.":[100],"Based":[101],"on":[102],"findings,":[104],"it":[105,144],"can":[106,123],"be":[107,124],"concluded":[108],"that":[109,147],"promoting":[110],"character":[113],"pupils":[115],"in":[116,178,196,218,227],"requires":[119],"significant":[120],"collaboration.":[121],"This":[122],"accomplished":[125],"joint":[128],"efforts":[129],"teachers,":[131,173],"society,":[132],"community,":[134],"other":[136,163],"educational":[137],"stakeholders.":[138],"In":[139],"light":[140],"these":[142],"conclusions,":[143],"is":[145],"recommended":[146],"government,":[149],"Ministry":[152],"Education,":[154],"ensure":[155],"fair":[156],"treatment":[157],"salaries":[161],"incentives,":[164],"allocate":[165,215],"sufficient":[166,216],"funds":[167],"for":[168,185],"school":[169],"operations,":[170],"hire":[171],"qualified":[172],"introduce":[174],"morality":[176],"subject":[177],"curriculum,":[180],"provide":[182],"in-service":[183],"training":[184],"teachers.":[186],"Education":[187],"officers,":[188],"should":[189,213],"work":[190],"cooperatively":[191],"schools,":[193,220],"seeking":[194],"measures":[195],"solving":[197],"problems,":[198],"improving":[199],"strengthening":[201],"leadership":[202],"management":[204],"seminars":[206],"workshop.":[208],"Head":[209],"wisely":[214],"resources":[217],"their":[219],"cooperate":[221],"parents":[223],"behaving":[225],"morally":[226],"outside":[229],"school.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}