{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225617746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447261496341","title":"Triquetral Fractures: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Techniques, and Treatment Strategies","display_name":"Triquetral Fractures: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Techniques, and Treatment Strategies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225617746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447261496341","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43000780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15589447261496341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447261496341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447261496341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49025288","display_name":"Hand","issn_l":"1558-9447","issn":["1558-9447","1558-9455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HAND","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161332818","display_name":"Michael Fici","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Fici","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073400441","display_name":"Ishith Seth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5444-8925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5444-8925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087110","display_name":"St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/001kjn539","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087110","https://openalex.org/I4210098850"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098850","display_name":"St Vincent's Health","ror":"https://ror.org/012nkbb42","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098850"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120624","display_name":"Peninsula Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02n5e6456","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120624"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ishith Seth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","St Vincent\u2019s Health Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5444-8925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120624"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St Vincent\u2019s Health Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087110","https://openalex.org/I4210098850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143744862","display_name":"Brendan Parnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7505-8550","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7505-8550"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brendan Parnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137174959","display_name":"Yusef Hafez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7699-359X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7699-359X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusef Hafez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7699-359X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002342098","display_name":"A Berger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-0935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-0935"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087110","display_name":"St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/001kjn539","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087110","https://openalex.org/I4210098850"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098850","display_name":"St Vincent's Health","ror":"https://ror.org/012nkbb42","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098850"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony C. Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["St Vincent\u2019s Health Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St Vincent\u2019s Health Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087110","https://openalex.org/I4210098850"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051942076","display_name":"Warren M. Rozen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-182X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-182X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087110","display_name":"St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/001kjn539","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087110","https://openalex.org/I4210098850"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098850","display_name":"St Vincent's Health","ror":"https://ror.org/012nkbb42","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098850"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120624","display_name":"Peninsula Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02n5e6456","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120624"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warren M. Rozen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","St Vincent\u2019s Health Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120624"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St Vincent\u2019s Health Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087110","https://openalex.org/I4210098850"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073400441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087110","https://openalex.org/I4210098850","https://openalex.org/I4210120624"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"15589447261496341","last_page":"15589447261496341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10630","display_name":"Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10630","display_name":"Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10658","display_name":"Bone fractures and treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12411","display_name":"Shoulder and Clavicle Injuries","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triquetral-fracture","display_name":"triquetral fracture","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carpal-bones","display_name":"carpal bones","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-pathophysiology","display_name":"fracture pathophysiology","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-diagnosis","display_name":"fracture diagnosis","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-management","display_name":"fracture treatment","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-displaced-fractures","display_name":"non-displaced fractures","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displaced-fractures","display_name":"displaced fractures","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonunion","display_name":"nonunion","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ligament-injury","display_name":"ligament injury","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-stability","display_name":"fracture stability","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immobilization","display_name":"immobilization","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-management","display_name":"surgical management","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9696999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4912000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68312169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216685","display_name":"Orthopedic surgery","level":2,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020702983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68833","display_name":"Fracture treatment","level":2,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779746960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332293","display_name":"Carpal tunnel syndrome","level":2,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779789666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232377","display_name":"Carpal bones","level":3,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020774429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201886","display_name":"Web of science","level":3,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983098980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621261","display_name":"Pain management","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993918154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12131","display_name":"Functional impairment","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140608501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318358","display_name":"Review article","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993247534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621261","display_name":"Pain relief","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141330323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2354820","display_name":"Evidence-based practice","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019480001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4896847","display_name":"Best evidence","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977147","display_name":"Medical literature","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778860756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922425","display_name":"Scaphoid fracture","level":3,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910979460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216685","display_name":"Orthopedic Procedures","level":3,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/15589447261496341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447261496341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447261496341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49025288","display_name":"Hand","issn_l":"1558-9447","issn":["1558-9447","1558-9455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HAND","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:43000780","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43000780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hand (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164923595","https://openalex.org/W1992284548","https://openalex.org/W2011485447","https://openalex.org/W2036503617","https://openalex.org/W2073894843","https://openalex.org/W2088104317","https://openalex.org/W2090778714","https://openalex.org/W2099518169","https://openalex.org/W2126672726","https://openalex.org/W2166977260","https://openalex.org/W2168574234","https://openalex.org/W2200835857","https://openalex.org/W2267141156","https://openalex.org/W2790223595","https://openalex.org/W2915879584","https://openalex.org/W3002371304","https://openalex.org/W3005160472","https://openalex.org/W3013045401","https://openalex.org/W3120726312","https://openalex.org/W3125321517","https://openalex.org/W4256036373","https://openalex.org/W4397032807","https://openalex.org/W4413412681","https://openalex.org/W4417458071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125321517","https://openalex.org/W6912097047","https://openalex.org/W2078858438","https://openalex.org/W7203689874","https://openalex.org/W2166977260","https://openalex.org/W3013045401","https://openalex.org/W2102490509","https://openalex.org/W2090778714","https://openalex.org/W2274932375","https://openalex.org/W4413412681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Triquetral":[0],"fractures,":[1,9,152],"although":[2],"the":[3,21,31,35,60,76,127],"second":[4],"most":[5],"common":[6],"carpal":[7],"bone":[8],"can":[10],"be":[11],"difficult":[12],"to":[13,56,107,145,174],"accurately":[14],"diagnose":[15],"and":[16,27,47,90,111,119,135,154],"treat.":[17],"This":[18],"review":[19],"explores":[20],"complex":[22],"landscape":[23],"of":[24,34,41,49,81,115,148],"triquetral":[25,82],"fractures":[26,83,138],"proposes":[28],"guidelines":[29],"for":[30],"optimal":[32],"management":[33,80,104],"condition.":[36],"A":[37],"comprehensive":[38],"literature":[39],"search":[40],"PubMed,":[42],"Scopus,":[43],"Cochrane":[44],"Library,":[45],"ScienceDirect,":[46],"Web":[48],"Science":[50],"was":[51],"performed":[52],"from":[53],"January":[54],"1901":[55],"June":[57],"2026":[58],"using":[59],"terms":[61],"\"Triquetral":[62],"Fracture\"":[63,66],"OR":[64,72],"\"Triquetrum":[65],"AND":[67],"\"Pathophysiology,\"":[68],"\"Diagnosis,\"":[69],"\"Investigation,\"":[70],"\"Treatment,\"":[71],"\"Management.\"":[73],"Studies":[74],"addressing":[75],"mechanisms,":[77],"diagnosis,":[78],"or":[79,164],"were":[84,95,99,121],"included.":[85,100],"Animal":[86],"studies,":[87],"non-English":[88],"articles,":[89],"studies":[91,98],"without":[92],"full-text":[93],"access":[94],"excluded.":[96],"Twenty-nine":[97],"Evidence":[101],"supported":[102],"differing":[103],"strategies":[105],"according":[106],"fracture":[108,133],"type,":[109],"displacement,":[110],"associated":[112,155],"injuries.":[113],"Areas":[114],"consensus":[116],"regarding":[117],"diagnosis":[118],"treatment":[120,176],"identified,":[122],"alongside":[123],"important":[124],"gaps":[125],"in":[126],"literature.":[128],"Management":[129],"is":[130,172],"guided":[131],"by":[132],"pattern":[134],"stability.":[136],"Non-displaced":[137],"are":[139],"generally":[140],"treated":[141],"conservatively":[142],"with":[143],"3":[144],"6":[146],"weeks":[147],"immobilization,":[149],"whereas":[150],"displaced":[151],"non-unions,":[153],"ligamentous":[156],"injuries":[157],"may":[158],"require":[159],"surgical":[160],"intervention.":[161],"Persistent":[162],"pain":[163],"functional":[165],"impairment":[166],"warrants":[167],"further":[168],"investigation.":[169],"Additional":[170],"research":[171],"needed":[173],"refine":[175],"recommendations.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
