{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225614946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs14110311","title":"Women\u2019s Leadership in Challenging Times: Examining the Influence of Female Directors on Firm Performance Amidst Economic Turbulences","display_name":"Women\u2019s Leadership in Challenging Times: Examining the Influence of Female Directors on Firm Performance Amidst Economic Turbulences","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225614946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs14110311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijfs14110311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs14110311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs14110311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764827305","display_name":"International Journal of Financial Studies","issn_l":"2227-7072","issn":["2227-7072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Financial Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs14110311","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079972764","display_name":"Josep Garc\u00eda-Bland\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7091-0593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7091-0593"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5593406","display_name":"Universitat Ramon Llull","ror":"https://ror.org/04p9k2z50","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josep Garcia-Blandon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Finance, IQS School of Management, Ramon Llull University, 08017 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7091-0593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Finance, IQS School of Management, Ramon Llull University, 08017 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015551913","display_name":"Josep Mar\u00eda Argil\u00e9s-Bosch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4899-203X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4899-203X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Maria Argil\u00e9s-Bosch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitat de Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4899-203X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitat de Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020055805","display_name":"Diego Ravenda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5812-4183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5812-4183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129162050","display_name":"TBS Education","ror":"https://ror.org/0349y2q65","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129162050"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Ravenda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting, TBS Education, 31000 Toulouse, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting, TBS Education, 31000 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129162050"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023739924","display_name":"Teresa Monllau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-284X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-284X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa Monllau Jaques","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economic and Business, Pompeu Fabra University, Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-284X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economic and Business, Pompeu Fabra University, Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079972764"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"311","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-leadership","display_name":"women in leadership","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-directors","display_name":"female directors","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-gender-diversity","display_name":"board gender diversity","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-performance","display_name":"firm performance","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-economic-crisis","display_name":"COVID-19 economic crisis","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-turbulence","display_name":"economic turbulence","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-directors","display_name":"executive directors","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting-performance","display_name":"accounting performance","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-based-performance","display_name":"market-based performance","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"corporate governance","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/listed-companies","display_name":"listed companies","score":0.8100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.9301999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778397978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501335","display_name":"Gender diversity","level":3,"score":0.7271999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.6406000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.626800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.6037999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5953999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151392489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419946","display_name":"Executive compensation","level":3,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778300220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114380","display_name":"Financial crisis","level":2,"score":0.4359000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993311118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51379","display_name":"Positive relationship","level":2,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020318244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4812187","display_name":"Large sample","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018963415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16878425","display_name":"On board","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijfs14110311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs14110311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs14110311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764827305","display_name":"International Journal of Financial Studies","issn_l":"2227-7072","issn":["2227-7072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Financial Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijfs14110311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs14110311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs14110311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764827305","display_name":"International Journal of Financial Studies","issn_l":"2227-7072","issn":["2227-7072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Financial Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964451859","https://openalex.org/W1970177130","https://openalex.org/W1987307803","https://openalex.org/W2045427766","https://openalex.org/W2081024747","https://openalex.org/W2088894329","https://openalex.org/W2092896545","https://openalex.org/W2117482595","https://openalex.org/W2143473157","https://openalex.org/W2168978055","https://openalex.org/W2285234260","https://openalex.org/W2369985350","https://openalex.org/W2414213196","https://openalex.org/W2577227262","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2888482731","https://openalex.org/W2951046369","https://openalex.org/W2954900499","https://openalex.org/W2969259021","https://openalex.org/W2990548013","https://openalex.org/W2995083348","https://openalex.org/W3000055657","https://openalex.org/W3038383319","https://openalex.org/W3039234436","https://openalex.org/W3081255672","https://openalex.org/W3122577803","https://openalex.org/W3122759333","https://openalex.org/W3123323948","https://openalex.org/W3123584534","https://openalex.org/W3124859647","https://openalex.org/W3125898175","https://openalex.org/W3125933001","https://openalex.org/W3214095148","https://openalex.org/W3214855380","https://openalex.org/W4200544282","https://openalex.org/W4297121204","https://openalex.org/W4308141794","https://openalex.org/W4309293614","https://openalex.org/W4318938999","https://openalex.org/W4322738933","https://openalex.org/W4385988858","https://openalex.org/W4388572076","https://openalex.org/W4402306319","https://openalex.org/W4407116354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6981862255","https://openalex.org/W4404833702","https://openalex.org/W2987346394","https://openalex.org/W7130329256","https://openalex.org/W4416945775","https://openalex.org/W2954900499","https://openalex.org/W4402120100","https://openalex.org/W4391105102","https://openalex.org/W7083296166","https://openalex.org/W4408424299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"extensive":[1],"research":[2],"on":[3,9,11,33,70,99,113,123],"the":[4,34,39,54,71,80,100],"impact":[5],"of":[6,24,48,67,144],"women\u2019s":[7],"presence":[8],"boards":[10],"financial":[12],"performance,":[13],"limited":[14],"attention":[15],"has":[16],"been":[17],"given":[18],"to":[19,58,76,104],"this":[20,28,30],"topic":[21],"during":[22,79],"times":[23],"crisis.":[25,82],"To":[26,127],"address":[27],"gap,":[29],"study":[31,61],"capitalizes":[32],"economic":[35],"crisis":[36],"triggered":[37],"by":[38],"COVID-19":[40,81],"pandemic.":[41],"The":[42,60,137],"empirical":[43],"analysis":[44],"utilizes":[45],"a":[46,64,142],"sample":[47],"publicly":[49],"traded":[50],"US":[51],"firms":[52],"covering":[53],"period":[55],"from":[56],"2017":[57],"2022.":[59],"reveals":[62],"that":[63],"larger":[65],"representation":[66],"female":[68,89],"directors":[69,91,106],"board":[72,101],"did":[73],"not":[74],"lead":[75],"improved":[77],"performance":[78,115,125],"Similar":[83],"results":[84,138],"are":[85,92],"reported":[86],"when":[87],"only":[88],"executive":[90,105],"considered.":[93],"In":[94],"non-crisis":[95],"years,":[96],"gender":[97],"diversity":[98],"or":[102,110,120],"restricted":[103],"showed":[107],"either":[108],"neutral":[109,119],"negative":[111],"effects":[112,122],"accounting-based":[114],"indicators,":[116],"while":[117],"demonstrating":[118],"positive":[121],"market-based":[124],"indicators.":[126],"mitigate":[128],"potential":[129],"endogeneity":[130],"concerns,":[131],"instrumental":[132],"variable":[133],"estimations":[134],"were":[135],"performed.":[136],"remained":[139],"robust":[140],"across":[141],"range":[143],"sensitivity":[145],"checks.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}