{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225614369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1","title":"How to end a nightmare using ocular distress signaling","display_name":"How to end a nightmare using ocular distress signaling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225614369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018068807","display_name":"Remington Mallett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-3098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-3098"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Remington Mallett","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092476087","display_name":"Norah Wolk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norah Wolk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101611647","display_name":"Daniel Morris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4579-817X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4579-817X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014660529","display_name":"Yasmeen Nahas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7312-5375","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7312-5375"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasmeen Nahas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092040140","display_name":"Cameron Sandell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron Sandell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066466588","display_name":"Karen R. Konkoly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-1408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-1408"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen R Konkoly","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-1408","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047169531","display_name":"Michelle Carr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0399-0196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0399-0196"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Carr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0399-0196","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007726637","display_name":"Ken A. Paller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-4143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-4143"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken A. Paller","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-4143","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.6913999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.6913999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.2964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12448","display_name":"Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nightmares","display_name":"nightmares","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lucid-dreaming","display_name":"lucid dreaming","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement-communication","display_name":"eye movement communication","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rem-sleep","display_name":"REM sleep","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dream-awareness","display_name":"dream awareness","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"polysomnography","score":0.6000000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777992674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192692","display_name":"Nightmare","level":2,"score":0.96670001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781095916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36348","display_name":"Dream","level":2,"score":0.8051999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.7199000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776229289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5352191","display_name":"Technician","level":2,"score":0.664900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5568000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5281999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780012110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283100","display_name":"Distressing","level":2,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139058780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181078","display_name":"Lucid dream","level":4,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777274743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6817452","display_name":"Mental distress","level":3,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779429828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3968640","display_name":"Mental state","level":2,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779213384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211402","display_name":"Rapid eye movement sleep","level":3,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/exhtc_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Case Report","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391969835","https://openalex.org/W95258637","https://openalex.org/W1690154904","https://openalex.org/W4378610787","https://openalex.org/W4409215880","https://openalex.org/W2111573677","https://openalex.org/W2095878090","https://openalex.org/W1971711665","https://openalex.org/W3131197996","https://openalex.org/W2990369419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nightmares":[0],"trap":[1],"people":[2],"in":[3,27,41,55,65,113,165],"a":[4,25,39,43,46,53,66,88,92,103,151,171],"unique":[5],"state":[6],"of":[7,150,174],"helplessness.":[8],"Whereas":[9],"fear":[10,19],"during":[11,20,75],"wake":[12],"can":[13],"be":[14],"resolved":[15],"with":[16,24,145],"downregulation":[17],"strategies,":[18],"sleep":[21],"typically":[22],"coincides":[23],"reduction":[26],"the":[28,82,99,109,121,126,148],"cognitive":[29],"and":[30,45,78,97,129,135,176],"social":[31,89],"routes":[32],"to":[33,69,105,143,168],"implement":[34],"them.":[35],"Here,":[36],"we":[37],"report":[38],"case":[40],"which":[42],"dreamer":[44],"technician":[47,122],"together":[48],"overcame":[49],"both":[50],"limitations,":[51],"ending":[52],"nightmare":[54],"real":[56],"time.":[57],"A":[58],"participant":[59],"experiencing":[60],"frequent":[61],"nightmares":[62],"was":[63],"enrolled":[64],"protocol":[67],"designed":[68],"induce":[70],"lucid":[71,138],"dreams":[72],"(restoring":[73,87],"cognition":[74],"REM":[76,115],"sleep)":[77],"enable":[79],"communication":[80,161],"from":[81,108],"dream":[83,139,160],"via":[84],"eye":[85,100],"movements":[86],"connection).":[90],"During":[91],"nightmare,":[93],"they":[94],"gained":[95],"awareness":[96],"used":[98],"signal":[101],"as":[102],"mayday":[104],"request":[106,128],"extraction":[107],"dream,":[110],"all":[111],"while":[112],"polysomnography-verified":[114],"sleep.":[116],"They":[117],"were":[118],"awakened":[119],"by":[120],"34":[123],"seconds":[124],"after":[125],"help":[127],"reported":[130],"immediate":[131],"relief.":[132],"At":[133],"2-":[134],"4-week":[136],"follow-ups,":[137],"frequency":[140],"increased":[141],"relative":[142],"baseline,":[144],"lucidity":[146],"reducing":[147],"distress":[149],"subsequent":[152],"nightmare.":[153],"Together,":[154],"these":[155],"results":[156],"suggest":[157],"that":[158],"real-time":[159],"might":[162],"offer":[163],"an":[164],"somno":[166],"approach":[167],"treating":[169],"nightmares,":[170],"core":[172],"symptom":[173],"PTSD":[175],"other":[177],"psychiatric":[178],"disorders.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}