{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225613157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252","title":"Genetic diversity of H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses detected in Laos, 2019\u20132024: multiple clades, subtypes, and genotypes","display_name":"Genetic diversity of H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses detected in Laos, 2019\u20132024: multiple clades, subtypes, and genotypes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225613157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126913647","display_name":"Jong-Min Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160954","display_name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04sbe6g90","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Min Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055715034","display_name":"Yunyueng Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-6999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-6999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160954","display_name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04sbe6g90","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyueng Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143913090","display_name":"Ra Mi Cha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4222-1722","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4222-1722"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160954","display_name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04sbe6g90","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ra Mi Cha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071064655","display_name":"Watthana Theppangna","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1337977289","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/05x7v0b39","country_code":"LA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337977289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153464","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/04xa2jy35","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153464"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262973","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/00tmg5839","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262973"]}],"countries":["FI","LA","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Watthana Theppangna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Livestock and Fisheries, National Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Livestock and Fisheries, National Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1337977289","https://openalex.org/I4210153464","https://openalex.org/I4405262973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053628495","display_name":"Phouvong Phommachanh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-6227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-6227"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1337977289","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/05x7v0b39","country_code":"LA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337977289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153464","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/04xa2jy35","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153464"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262973","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/00tmg5839","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262973"]}],"countries":["FI","LA","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PhouVong Phommachanh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Livestock and Fisheries, National Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Livestock and Fisheries, National Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1337977289","https://openalex.org/I4210153464","https://openalex.org/I4405262973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126895726","display_name":"Min-Ji Park","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160954","display_name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04sbe6g90","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Ji Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032507069","display_name":"Eui Hyeon Lim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160954","display_name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04sbe6g90","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eui Hyeon Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079898992","display_name":"Yuna Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4339-9301","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4339-9301","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3842-0460","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0820-7378","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9541-2993"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160954","display_name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04sbe6g90","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Na Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041885929","display_name":"Youn\u2010Jeong Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6781-2394","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6781-2394","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-4614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160954","display_name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04sbe6g90","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youn-Jeong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037862053","display_name":"Eun\u2010Kyoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-4347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-4347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160954","display_name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04sbe6g90","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eun-Kyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037862053"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160954"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11495","display_name":"Animal Virus Infections Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h5n1","display_name":"H5N1","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h5n6","display_name":"H5N6","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clade-2-3-4-4b","display_name":"clade 2.3.4.4b","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-diversity","display_name":"genetic diversity","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-reassortment","display_name":"viral reassortment","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-analysis","display_name":"phylogenetic analysis","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-genome-sequencing","display_name":"whole genome sequencing","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laos","display_name":"Laos","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poultry-disease-outbreak","display_name":"poultry outbreaks","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoonotic-transmission","display_name":"zoonotic transmission","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-infection","display_name":"human infection","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-surveillance","display_name":"genomic surveillance","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16154277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2004399","display_name":"Reassortment","level":5,"score":0.949400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44465124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623","display_name":"Clade","level":4,"score":0.8866999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8773999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519248777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160122","display_name":"Influenza A virus subtype H5N1","level":3,"score":0.8568000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.6736000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5972999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44671064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189800","display_name":"Gene pool","level":4,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172777353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374271","display_name":"Genetic variability","level":4,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777546802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834390","display_name":"Influenza A virus","level":3,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97669555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118435","display_name":"Molecular epidemiology","level":4,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8769409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2066554","display_name":"Viral evolution","level":4,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.2002252/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225613157.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225613157.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082433000","https://openalex.org/W2092903823","https://openalex.org/W2100506962","https://openalex.org/W2158073495","https://openalex.org/W2252754784","https://openalex.org/W2435404502","https://openalex.org/W2463828686","https://openalex.org/W2952245534","https://openalex.org/W2990205807","https://openalex.org/W2994598436","https://openalex.org/W3043707368","https://openalex.org/W3094018902","https://openalex.org/W3094086083","https://openalex.org/W3212585830","https://openalex.org/W3214052309","https://openalex.org/W4281761962","https://openalex.org/W4308722519","https://openalex.org/W4391559974","https://openalex.org/W4407562695","https://openalex.org/W4408908302","https://openalex.org/W4410237931","https://openalex.org/W4411012596","https://openalex.org/W4415443091","https://openalex.org/W4415644323","https://openalex.org/W4417525791","https://openalex.org/W7131653132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990205807","https://openalex.org/W2946088712","https://openalex.org/W2138426702","https://openalex.org/W2050101857","https://openalex.org/W2109372630","https://openalex.org/W7125500796","https://openalex.org/W2565948122","https://openalex.org/W2058642771","https://openalex.org/W3045406643","https://openalex.org/W2518083823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"2004,":[1],"H5":[2,29,227],"high":[3],"pathogenicity":[4],"avian":[5,117],"influenza":[6,118],"viruses":[7,21,102,128,146,152,173,208],"(HPAIVs)":[8],"from":[9,197],"several":[10],"clades":[11],"have":[12],"caused":[13],"outbreaks":[14],"in":[15,32,50,138,148,154,180,184,188,215,229,244],"Laos,":[16,139,230],"with":[17,111,151,210],"clade":[18,84,89,95],"2.3.2.1e":[19,85,100,134],"H5N1":[20,101,113,135,145],"predominating":[22],"since":[23,160],"2015.":[24],"However,":[25],"genomic":[26,235],"data":[27],"on":[28,72],"HPAIVs":[30,48,228],"circulating":[31],"Laos":[33,51,181],"after":[34],"2018":[35],"remain":[36],"limited.":[37],"In":[38,121,190],"this":[39],"study,":[40],"we":[41],"performed":[42],"whole-genome":[43],"sequencing":[44],"of":[45,226],"37":[46],"H5Nx":[47,124],"isolated":[49],"during":[52,69],"2019\u20132024":[53],"and":[54,93,105,114,125,141,157,182,186,201,212,217,224,241],"investigated":[55],"their":[56],"genetic":[57],"characteristics":[58],"using":[59],"phylogenetic":[60],"analyses":[61],"alongside":[62],"publicly":[63],"available":[64],"Lao":[65],"HPAIV":[66],"sequences":[67],"collected":[68],"2015\u20132024.":[70],"Based":[71],"gene":[73,205],"constellations,":[74],"12":[75],"genotypes":[76,86,91,97,107,136],"were":[77,129],"identified":[78],"across":[79],"three":[80,88],"HA":[81],"clades:":[82],"seven":[83],"(E1\u2013E7),":[87],"2.3.4.4b":[90,112,123,144],"(B1\u2013B3),":[92],"two":[94],"2.3.4.4h":[96,126,165],"(H1\u2013H2).":[98],"Clade":[99,143],"predominated":[103],"overall,":[104],"novel":[106],"emerged":[108],"through":[109],"reassortment":[110,225],"Eurasian":[115],"low-pathogenicity":[116],"(LPAI)":[119],"viruses.":[120],"contrast,":[122],"H5N6":[127,166,172],"detected":[130,147,153,183,196],"sporadically.":[131],"Genetically":[132],"related":[133],"co-circulated":[137],"Cambodia,":[140],"Vietnam.":[142,218],"2023":[149],"clustered":[150],"East":[155],"Asia":[156],"North":[158],"America":[159],"2021.":[161],"Genotype":[162],"H2,":[163],"a":[164,177],"virus,":[167],"was":[168,194],"genetically":[169],"similar":[170],"to":[171,176,199,237],"epidemiologically":[174],"linked":[175],"human":[178,211],"infection":[179],"poultry":[185],"humans":[187],"China.":[189],"addition,":[191],"genotype":[192],"E7":[193],"continuously":[195],"2022":[198],"2024":[200],"had":[202],"the":[203,232],"same":[204],"constellation":[206],"as":[207],"associated":[209],"mammalian":[213],"infections":[214],"Cambodia":[216],"These":[219],"findings":[220],"demonstrate":[221],"persistent":[222],"circulation":[223],"highlighting":[231],"need":[233],"for":[234],"surveillance":[236],"monitor":[238],"zoonotic":[239],"risk":[240],"transboundary":[242],"transmission":[243],"Southeast":[245],"Asia.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
