{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225611461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65759/641hzr37","title":"Emergency Department Initiated Versus Trauma Team Initiated Massive Transfusion Protocols After Injury: A Review of Activation, Time to Transfusion, and Clinical Outcomes","display_name":"Emergency Department Initiated Versus Trauma Team Initiated Massive Transfusion Protocols After Injury: A Review of Activation, Time to Transfusion, and Clinical Outcomes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225611461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65759/641hzr37"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.65759/641hzr37","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65759/641hzr37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65759/641hzr37","pdf_url":"https://tazeezjournal.com/index.php/tphj/article/download/133/114","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tazeez Public Health Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://tazeezjournal.com/index.php/tphj/article/download/133/114","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125615448","display_name":"Abdullah Abdulaziz Alhowidi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127754","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/030atj633","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127754"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Abdulaziz F. Alhowidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Medicine Consultant, Emergency Department, Riyadh First Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Medicine Consultant, Emergency Department, Riyadh First Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127754"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161343442","display_name":"Mohammed Ibrahim Alshaban","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Ibrahim Alshaban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161317525","display_name":"Modhi Ghunaim Alharbi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Modhi Ghunaim Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Student, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Student, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160737481","display_name":"Raghad Fahad Aloufi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghad Fahad Aloufi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161358268","display_name":"Yousef K. Alenizi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousef K. Alenizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Al-Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Al-Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161305569","display_name":"Hooriah Mohammed Alasmari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hooriah Mohammed Alasmari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128323799","display_name":"Hala S Hajjaj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hala S. Hajjaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161352487","display_name":"Nasaym A. Alaraj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasaym A. Alaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161328819","display_name":"Faisal A. Alsaleem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal A. Alsaleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11116","display_name":"Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation","score":0.6797000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11116","display_name":"Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation","score":0.6797000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.27730000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10693","display_name":"Blood transfusion and management","score":0.03290000185370445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massive-transfusion-protocol","display_name":"massive transfusion protocol","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-team-activation","display_name":"trauma team activation","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-activation","display_name":"emergency department activation","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-systems","display_name":"trauma systems","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-delivery","display_name":"blood delivery","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-based-training","display_name":"simulation-based training","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-activation","display_name":"automatic activation","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol-implementation","display_name":"protocol implementation","score":0.5529999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9088000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20387591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930752","display_name":"Specialty","level":2,"score":0.6182000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.6176000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778165595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5491454","display_name":"Resuscitation","level":2,"score":0.5914999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780014101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183605","display_name":"Blood transfusion","level":2,"score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85004164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089964","display_name":"Injury Severity Score","level":4,"score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545288138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860447","display_name":"Emergency medical services","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991743468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166019","display_name":"Blood loss","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2980337","display_name":"Trauma center","level":3,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.65759/641hzr37","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65759/641hzr37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65759/641hzr37","pdf_url":"https://tazeezjournal.com/index.php/tphj/article/download/133/114","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tazeez Public Health Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.65759/641hzr37","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65759/641hzr37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65759/641hzr37","pdf_url":"https://tazeezjournal.com/index.php/tphj/article/download/133/114","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tazeez Public Health Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225611461.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225611461.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563529581","https://openalex.org/W1967433109","https://openalex.org/W1981714421","https://openalex.org/W1991878197","https://openalex.org/W1992034786","https://openalex.org/W2017755230","https://openalex.org/W2018525094","https://openalex.org/W2042481170","https://openalex.org/W2066501971","https://openalex.org/W2091401815","https://openalex.org/W2102919367","https://openalex.org/W2104653541","https://openalex.org/W2108856858","https://openalex.org/W2133226878","https://openalex.org/W2531269403","https://openalex.org/W2609768702","https://openalex.org/W2800732231","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3119473690","https://openalex.org/W4205160860","https://openalex.org/W4322732041","https://openalex.org/W4391144776"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404345070","https://openalex.org/W2609768702","https://openalex.org/W2417409900","https://openalex.org/W4205160860","https://openalex.org/W7125990166","https://openalex.org/W4391144776","https://openalex.org/W4412896404","https://openalex.org/W2104653541","https://openalex.org/W1673327313","https://openalex.org/W4229057298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Massive":[1],"transfusion":[2,30,76,158],"protocols":[3],"coordinate":[4],"urgent":[5],"blood":[6,57,114,125,180],"delivery":[7,102,159],"after":[8,146,160],"injury.":[9],"Activation":[10],"authority":[11],"varies":[12],"in":[13,81,86,137,162,185],"trauma":[14,23,79,187],"systems":[15,188],"and":[16,22,32,59,83,156,174,182,189],"frequently":[17],"overlaps":[18],"between":[19],"emergency":[20,84],"physicians":[21],"teams.":[24],"This":[25],"review":[26],"examined":[27,44],"activation":[28,112],"practices,":[29],"timing,":[31],"clinical":[33,164],"outcomes.":[34,91],"Methods:":[35],"Ten":[36],"original":[37],"studies":[38],"published":[39],"before":[40],"June":[41],"2026":[42],"were":[43,65],"through":[45],"structured":[46],"narrative":[47],"synthesis.":[48],"Evidence":[49],"addressed":[50],"clinician":[51,169],"decisions,":[52],"prehospital":[53],"activation,":[54,56,155],"automatic":[55],"delivery,":[58],"protocol":[60,135],"implementation.":[61],"Direct":[62],"specialty":[63,90],"comparisons":[64],"distinguished":[66],"from":[67,116],"indirect":[68],"workflow":[69],"data.":[70],"Results:":[71],"One":[72],"prospective":[73],"cohort":[74,133],"reported":[75,123],"initiation":[77],"by":[78],"surgeons":[80],"35%":[82],"clinicians":[85],"19%,":[87],"without":[88],"comparative":[89],"A":[92,131],"multicenter":[93],"analysis":[94],"associated":[95],"each":[96],"additional":[97],"minute":[98],"to":[99,113,118],"initial":[100,147],"cooler":[101],"with":[103,127],"increased":[104],"adjusted":[105],"mortality":[106,129],"odds.":[107],"Simulation":[108],"informed":[109],"improvement":[110],"reduced":[111],"administration":[115],"11.6":[117],"9.1":[119],"minutes.":[120],"Implementation":[121],"cohorts":[122],"faster":[124],"availability,":[126,181],"inconsistent":[128],"findings.":[130],"contemporary":[132],"documented":[134],"reactivation":[136],"7.5%":[138],"of":[139,144],"patients,":[140],"illustrating":[141],"the":[142],"importance":[143],"reassessment":[145],"activation.":[148],"Conclusion:":[149],"Data":[150],"supports":[151],"rapid":[152],"recognition,":[153],"coordinated":[154],"efficient":[157],"injury":[161,177],"routine":[163],"practice.":[165],"Comparative":[166],"research":[167],"requires":[168],"attribution,":[170],"standardized":[171],"timing":[172],"intervals,":[173],"adjustment":[175],"for":[176],"severity,":[178],"shock,":[179],"resuscitation":[183],"changes":[184],"participating":[186],"different":[190],"treatment":[191],"environments.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}