{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225610959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78425-1","title":"Adeno-associated virus capsid as a modular molecular scaffold for the presentation of protein domains","display_name":"Adeno-associated virus capsid as a modular molecular scaffold for the presentation of protein domains","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225610959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78425-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78425-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78425-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78425-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-78425-1_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-78425-1_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071746803","display_name":"Jane Hsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0076-4217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0076-4217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Hsi-Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0076-4217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045975442","display_name":"Mario Mietzsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-3363","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-3363"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mario Mietzsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-3363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052062881","display_name":"Courtnee Eddington","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Courtnee Eddington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070691026","display_name":"I\u2010Son Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-5814","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-5814"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Korosh Jabbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-5814","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114156483","display_name":"Jon Zachary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-9077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-9077"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon Zachary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-9077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046929427","display_name":"Anjelique Sawh-Gopal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7246"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156289","display_name":"The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056pdzs28","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144","https://openalex.org/I4387156289"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjelique Sawh-Gopal","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Technology and Innovation, Jupiter, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Technology and Innovation, Jupiter, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017461125","display_name":"Paul R. Chipman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3652-4087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3652-4087"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Chipman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center for Biological Research, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3652-4087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Biological Research, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071798456","display_name":"Antonette D. Bennett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4986-7505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4986-7505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonette Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4986-7505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054738613","display_name":"ROBERT V. McKENNA","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-935X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-935X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert McKenna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-935X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045975442","https://openalex.org/A5054738613"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10613","display_name":"Virus-based gene therapy research","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10613","display_name":"Virus-based gene therapy research","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aav5","display_name":"AAV5","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-display","display_name":"protein display","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-carbonic-anhydrase","display_name":"gamma-carbonic anhydrase","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-delivery-vectors","display_name":"gene delivery vectors","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-platforms","display_name":"vaccine platforms","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor-binding-protein","display_name":"receptor binding protein","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202878990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830465","display_name":"Capsid","level":3,"score":0.9918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53645450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907093","display_name":"Scaffold protein","level":3,"score":0.6345999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113709186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5986738","display_name":"Icosahedral symmetry","level":2,"score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89429830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735710","display_name":"Scaffold","level":2,"score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6881719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611048","display_name":"Group-specific antigen","level":3,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47701112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735188","display_name":"Protein structure","level":2,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776387124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475781","display_name":"Virus-like particle","level":4,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135983454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2790163","display_name":"Gene delivery","level":4,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167625842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763","display_name":"Peptide sequence","level":3,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144292202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898273","display_name":"Protein domain","level":3,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78425-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78425-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78425-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-78425-1_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78425-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78425-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78425-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-78425-1_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4562087700","display_name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225610959.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225610959.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083406432"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160821106","https://openalex.org/W2892515295","https://openalex.org/W4410419493","https://openalex.org/W2987216513","https://openalex.org/W3008020475","https://openalex.org/W2520782926","https://openalex.org/W4416118954","https://openalex.org/W4387956086","https://openalex.org/W7167243758","https://openalex.org/W2318193889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adeno-associated":[0],"virus":[1],"(AAV)":[2],"capsid":[3,35,48,88,100,105,113,131],"engineering":[4,154],"has":[5],"been":[6],"usually":[7],"limited":[8],"to":[9,28,121,134,150,177],"the":[10,26,52,84,111,129,152],"insertion,":[11],"substitution,":[12],"or":[13],"modification":[14],"of":[15,67,141],"only":[16],"a":[17,45,138,186],"few":[18],"amino":[19],"acids":[20],"within":[21],"exposed":[22],"surface":[23],"loops,":[24],"restricting":[25],"ability":[27,176],"introduce":[29],"larger":[30,69],"functional":[31],"elements":[32],"while":[33,98],"maintaining":[34],"assembly":[36,101],"and":[37,110,123,157,172,199],"stability.":[38],"To":[39],"overcome":[40],"these":[41],"limitations,":[42],"we":[43],"developed":[44],"novel":[46],"AAV5":[47,85],"scaffold":[49,106],"in":[50],"which":[51],"wildtype":[53],"icosahedral":[54,64],"3-fold":[55],"protrusions":[56],"were":[57,116],"removed":[58],"(AAV5":[59,107],"3f":[60,86,108],"DEL),":[61],"creating":[62],"an":[63],"platform":[65,155],"capable":[66],"accommodating":[68],"modular":[70],"protein":[71,93],"assemblies.":[72],"We":[73],"validated":[74],"this":[75],"approach":[76,146],"by":[77],"integrating":[78],"twenty":[79],"trimeric":[80,183],"gamma-carbonic":[81],"anhydrases":[82],"into":[83],"DEL":[87],"surface,":[89],"demonstrating":[90],"that":[91],"intact":[92],"domains":[94],"can":[95,147],"be":[96,135,148],"displayed":[97],"preserving":[99],"(AAV5(\u03b3-CA)).":[102],"The":[103,175],"AAV":[104,153,164,179],"DEL)":[109],"modified":[112],"(AAV5(\u03b3-CA))":[114],"structures":[115],"determined":[117],"using":[118],"cryo-electron":[119],"microscopy":[120],"3.2":[122],"3.8":[124],"\u00c5":[125],"resolution":[126],"respectively.":[127],"Furthermore,":[128],"AAV5(\u03b3-CA)":[130],"was":[132],"demonstrated":[133],"thermostable,":[136],"with":[137,167,181],"melting":[139],"temperature":[140],"approximately":[142],"65":[143],"\u00b0C.":[144],"This":[145],"used":[149],"expand":[151],"repertoire":[156],"may":[158],"provide":[159],"new":[160],"opportunities":[161],"for":[162,189],"functionalizing":[163],"based":[165],"nanoparticles":[166],"receptor-binding":[168],"proteins,":[169],"catalytic":[170],"enzymes,":[171],"antigenic":[173],"domains.":[174],"decorate":[178],"capsids":[180],"diverse":[182],"proteins":[184],"establishes":[185],"versatile":[187],"framework":[188],"potentially":[190],"developing":[191],"next-generation":[192],"gene":[193],"delivery":[194],"vectors,":[195],"targeted":[196],"therapeutic":[197],"platforms,":[198],"vaccine":[200],"technologies.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
