{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225609368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8110357","title":"Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Native Agar from Gracilaria corticata: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Its Physicochemical, Rheological, and Cytotoxic Properties","display_name":"Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Native Agar from Gracilaria corticata: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Its Physicochemical, Rheological, and Cytotoxic Properties","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225609368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8110357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sci8110357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8110357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8110357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202795","display_name":"Sci","issn_l":"2413-4155","issn":["2413-4155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8110357","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104281324","display_name":"Yadhu Krishna","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928307","display_name":"St. Aloysius (Deemed to Be University)","ror":"https://ror.org/05aba1p21","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928307"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadhu Krishna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science, St Aloysius (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575003, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science, St Aloysius (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575003, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018955675","display_name":"Feby Luckose","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928307","display_name":"St. Aloysius (Deemed to Be University)","ror":"https://ror.org/05aba1p21","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928307"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feby Luckose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science, St Aloysius (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575003, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science, St Aloysius (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575003, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092917431","display_name":"Mallikarjun Chanchi Prashanthkumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6925-6942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6925-6942"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194118695","display_name":"Songkhla Rajabhat University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rxs7517","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194118695"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mallikarjun Chanchi Prashanthkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Khao-Rupchang, Mueang 90000, Thailand","International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Khao-Rupchang, Mueang 90000, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194118695"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022548683","display_name":"Avtar Kaur Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-9085","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-9085"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avtar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-9085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007542368","display_name":"Jirakrit Saetang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2769-8149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2769-8149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jirakrit Saetang","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2769-8149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055414031","display_name":"Soottawat Benjakul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9433-3671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9433-3671","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6208-9569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soottawat Benjakul","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9433-3671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021951350","display_name":"Asha Abraham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0201-5551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0201-5551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928307","display_name":"St. Aloysius (Deemed to Be University)","ror":"https://ror.org/05aba1p21","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928307"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asha Abraham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology, St Aloysius (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575003, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0201-5551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology, St Aloysius (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575003, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035649433","display_name":"Krisana Nilsuwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-8283","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-8283"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Krisana Nilsuwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018955675","https://openalex.org/A5035649433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736","https://openalex.org/I4403928307"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1448},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1448},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"11","first_page":"357","last_page":"357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12192","display_name":"Polysaccharides Composition and Applications","score":0.6654999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12192","display_name":"Polysaccharides Composition and Applications","score":0.6654999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11390","display_name":"Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds","score":0.3296000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10869","display_name":"Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gracilaria-corticata","display_name":"Gracilaria corticata","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound-assisted-extraction","display_name":"ultrasound-assisted extraction","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-cavitation","display_name":"acoustic cavitation","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-water-extraction","display_name":"hot water extraction","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gel-strength","display_name":"gel strength","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3-6-anhydrogalactose","display_name":"3,6-anhydrogalactose","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoreversible-gels","display_name":"thermoreversible gels","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytocompatibility","display_name":"cytocompatibility","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibroblasts","display_name":"fibroblasts","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-seaweed","display_name":"red seaweed","score":0.7770000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778660310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177998","display_name":"Agar","level":3,"score":0.8745999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.7347999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.7347999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3952536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571327","display_name":"Syneresis","level":2,"score":0.6766999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5981000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.593500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92397422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062082","display_name":"Central composite design","level":3,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62643968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574816","display_name":"Agar plate","level":3,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3087307","display_name":"Gracilaria","level":3,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738686","display_name":"MTT assay","level":3,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.314300000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sci8110357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8110357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8110357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202795","display_name":"Sci","issn_l":"2413-4155","issn":["2413-4155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sci8110357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8110357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8110357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202795","display_name":"Sci","issn_l":"2413-4155","issn":["2413-4155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W349989281","https://openalex.org/W1775749144","https://openalex.org/W1982280353","https://openalex.org/W1982392076","https://openalex.org/W2008466812","https://openalex.org/W2014676334","https://openalex.org/W2015877058","https://openalex.org/W2016678285","https://openalex.org/W2018061969","https://openalex.org/W2026981693","https://openalex.org/W2029326191","https://openalex.org/W2067035943","https://openalex.org/W2073029444","https://openalex.org/W2075730703","https://openalex.org/W2082467235","https://openalex.org/W2091792013","https://openalex.org/W2113124114","https://openalex.org/W2122296266","https://openalex.org/W2161764972","https://openalex.org/W2213089199","https://openalex.org/W2321001203","https://openalex.org/W2396715517","https://openalex.org/W2494339310","https://openalex.org/W2557269632","https://openalex.org/W2557518984","https://openalex.org/W2765786973","https://openalex.org/W2781948343","https://openalex.org/W2810286497","https://openalex.org/W2811126126","https://openalex.org/W2888455372","https://openalex.org/W2909858639","https://openalex.org/W2939855007","https://openalex.org/W2952083719","https://openalex.org/W3053957628","https://openalex.org/W3118246436","https://openalex.org/W4200565301","https://openalex.org/W4220687355","https://openalex.org/W4221032171","https://openalex.org/W4283212374","https://openalex.org/W4320919130","https://openalex.org/W4324355174","https://openalex.org/W4363649808","https://openalex.org/W4367186898","https://openalex.org/W4380361405","https://openalex.org/W4385636822","https://openalex.org/W4385972971","https://openalex.org/W4387399519","https://openalex.org/W4387502589","https://openalex.org/W4400953138","https://openalex.org/W4401548025","https://openalex.org/W4407731125","https://openalex.org/W4408403306","https://openalex.org/W4412550233","https://openalex.org/W4416400380","https://openalex.org/W4417399557","https://openalex.org/W7116661383","https://openalex.org/W7167813992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4221032171","https://openalex.org/W4408286082","https://openalex.org/W2907392191","https://openalex.org/W4403438847","https://openalex.org/W7223851878","https://openalex.org/W3085353084","https://openalex.org/W84788282","https://openalex.org/W2941909097","https://openalex.org/W2949421","https://openalex.org/W2152812684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gracilaria":[0],"corticata,":[1],"an":[2],"abundant":[3],"red":[4],"seaweed":[5],"rich":[6],"in":[7,120,137,142],"agar,":[8],"is":[9],"a":[10,60,133],"valuable":[11],"resource":[12],"for":[13,181],"sustainable":[14],"hydrocolloid":[15],"production.":[16],"High-yield":[17],"native":[18],"crude":[19],"agar":[20,73,87,98,117,183],"with":[21,46,149,159],"preserved":[22,124],"structural":[23],"and":[24,53,95,103,139],"rheological":[25],"properties":[26],"was":[27],"extracted":[28,97],"using":[29],"ultrasound":[30],"pre-treatment":[31],"followed":[32],"by":[33],"hot-water":[34,81],"extraction":[35,82,184],"(95":[36],"\u00b0C,":[37],"2":[38],"h)":[39],"without":[40,168],"alkali":[41],"pre-treatment.":[42],"Response":[43],"surface":[44],"methodology":[45],"central":[47],"composite":[48],"design":[49],"predicted":[50,61],"32.87":[51],"min":[52],"61.58%":[54],"amplitude":[55],"as":[56,175],"optimum":[57],"conditions,":[58],"giving":[59],"yield":[62,74],"of":[63],"28.66%":[64],"(w/w).":[65],"Acoustic":[66],"cavitation-induced":[67],"cell":[68],"wall":[69],"disruption":[70],"significantly":[71],"enhanced":[72],"(validated:":[75],"29.31":[76],"\u00b1":[77,84],"0.70%)":[78],"versus":[79],"conventional":[80],"(14.01":[83],"0.43%).":[85],"Commercial":[86],"(C-AP)":[88],"had":[89,100],"higher":[90,101,112],"gel":[91,113,147],"strength.":[92,114],"Ultrasound-assisted":[93],"(US-AP)":[94],"conventionally":[96],"(CE-AP)":[99],"sulfate":[102],"lower":[104],"3,6-anhydrogalactose":[105],"contents":[106],"(p":[107],"<":[108],"0.05).":[109],"C-AG":[110],"showed":[111,132],"FTIR":[115],"confirmed":[116],"functional":[118,125],"groups":[119],"all":[121],"samples,":[122],"indicating":[123],"groups.":[126],"Syneresis":[127],"remained":[128],"below":[129],"2%.":[130],"Microstructure":[131],"more":[134],"porous":[135],"network":[136],"CE-AG":[138],"US-AG":[140],"than":[141],"C-AG.":[143],"Rheology":[144],"demonstrated":[145],"thermo-reversible":[146],"behaviour,":[148],"gelation":[150],"onset":[151],"at":[152],"38\u201346":[153],"\u00b0C.":[154],"Extracted":[155],"agars":[156],"were":[157],"cytocompatible":[158],"BJ":[160],"fibroblasts":[161],"after":[162],"48":[163],"h,":[164],"supporting":[165],"soft-gel":[166],"applications":[167],"chemical":[169],"modification.":[170],"Low":[171],"gel-strength":[172],"seaweeds":[173],"such":[174],"G.":[176],"corticata":[177],"can":[178],"be":[179],"utilized":[180],"high-yield":[182],"via":[185],"ultrasonication.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
