{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225608926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21921","title":"Detection of Arsenophonus and Spiroplasma throughout the life cycle of Colombian populations of Spodoptera frugiperda : evidence of potential vertical transmission","display_name":"Detection of Arsenophonus and Spiroplasma throughout the life cycle of Colombian populations of Spodoptera frugiperda : evidence of potential vertical transmission","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225608926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21921"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.21921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21921","pdf_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/21921.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/21921.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010093308","display_name":"Anny Johanna Yepes-Acevedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5180-4154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5180-4154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anny J. Yepes-Acevedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal UNALMED-CIB, Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda y Evoluci\u00f3n de Insectos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal UNALMED-CIB, Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda y Evoluci\u00f3n de Insectos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161345275","display_name":"Natalia Lopez-Rivera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Lopez-Rivera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal UNALMED-CIB, Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda y Evoluci\u00f3n de Insectos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal UNALMED-CIB, Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda y Evoluci\u00f3n de Insectos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050076082","display_name":"Carolina Montoya-Ru\u00edz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-3021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-3021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolina Montoya-Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Grupo de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal UNALMED-CIB, Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda y Evoluci\u00f3n de Insectos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Grupo de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal UNALMED-CIB, Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda y Evoluci\u00f3n de Insectos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031786983","display_name":"Claudia Ximena Moreno Herrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-5223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-5223"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Ximena Moreno-Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de investigaci\u00f3n Microbiodiversidad y Bioprospecci\u00f3n, Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio Procesos moleculares, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-5223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de investigaci\u00f3n Microbiodiversidad y Bioprospecci\u00f3n, Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio Procesos moleculares, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043982906","display_name":"C. I. Saldamando-Benjumea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-8200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-8200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clara Ines Saldamando-Benjumea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal UNALMED-CIB, Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda y Evoluci\u00f3n de Insectos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-8200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal UNALMED-CIB, Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda y Evoluci\u00f3n de Insectos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"e21921","last_page":"e21921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12134","display_name":"Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12134","display_name":"Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11750","display_name":"Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fall-armyworm","display_name":"Spodoptera frugiperda","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arsenophonus","display_name":"Arsenophonus","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiroplasma","display_name":"Spiroplasma","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinium","display_name":"Cardinium","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wolbachia","display_name":"Wolbachia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsporidia","display_name":"microsporidia","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endosymbionts","display_name":"endosymbionts","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-transmission","display_name":"vertical transmission","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle","display_name":"life cycle","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-history-traits","display_name":"life-history traits","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insect-microbiota","display_name":"insect microbiota","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colombia","display_name":"Colombia","score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insect-pest-management","display_name":"insect pest management","score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-thuringiensis-resistance","display_name":"Bacillus thuringiensis resistance","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insecticide-resistance","display_name":"insecticide resistance","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/16s-rrna-gene","display_name":"16S rRNA gene","score":0.6520000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776302332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1769476","display_name":"Spiroplasma","level":4,"score":0.9678000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.927299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283526","display_name":"Wolbachia","level":3,"score":0.8511999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777773057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492887","display_name":"Spodoptera","level":4,"score":0.6096000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778084189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244452","display_name":"Leafhopper","level":3,"score":0.517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780263730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4254955","display_name":"Horizontal transmission","level":3,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22508944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568174","display_name":"PEST analysis","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780445506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2715913","display_name":"Fall armyworm","level":5,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777612826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1390","display_name":"Insect","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42062724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209205","display_name":"16S ribosomal RNA","level":3,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77434933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4043440","display_name":"Multilocus sequence typing","level":4,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779035793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310467","display_name":"Bacillus thuringiensis","level":3,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92087593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427389","display_name":"Vector (molecular biology)","level":4,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51679486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546","display_name":"DNA sequencing","level":3,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71928629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Parasite hosting","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514575182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228395","display_name":"Mating","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173758957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129270","display_name":"Larva","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67905577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215980","display_name":"Ribosomal RNA","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.21921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21921","pdf_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/21921.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.21921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21921","pdf_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/21921.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.958299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321458","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323737","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225608926.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225608926.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501640459","https://openalex.org/W1586223045","https://openalex.org/W1970248877","https://openalex.org/W1971753295","https://openalex.org/W1996597406","https://openalex.org/W2001067945","https://openalex.org/W2001736765","https://openalex.org/W2012897015","https://openalex.org/W2016551102","https://openalex.org/W2020957351","https://openalex.org/W2021528867","https://openalex.org/W2023585393","https://openalex.org/W2032489015","https://openalex.org/W2046464110","https://openalex.org/W2047526274","https://openalex.org/W2048818730","https://openalex.org/W2054464372","https://openalex.org/W2055043387","https://openalex.org/W2059130318","https://openalex.org/W2059304823","https://openalex.org/W2067791676","https://openalex.org/W2094664321","https://openalex.org/W2096141771","https://openalex.org/W2097382368","https://openalex.org/W2104377574","https://openalex.org/W2105560084","https://openalex.org/W2108257000","https://openalex.org/W2122912336","https://openalex.org/W2132358341","https://openalex.org/W2138514869","https://openalex.org/W2143274241","https://openalex.org/W2143894827","https://openalex.org/W2146311288","https://openalex.org/W2150570211","https://openalex.org/W2156505503","https://openalex.org/W2161444534","https://openalex.org/W2162055915","https://openalex.org/W2173865027","https://openalex.org/W2174590180","https://openalex.org/W2300023221","https://openalex.org/W2397216674","https://openalex.org/W2545650606","https://openalex.org/W2561280510","https://openalex.org/W2599390207","https://openalex.org/W2782705391","https://openalex.org/W2789435202","https://openalex.org/W2799524357","https://openalex.org/W2806497599","https://openalex.org/W2891416400","https://openalex.org/W2901964681","https://openalex.org/W2985711816","https://openalex.org/W3003164419","https://openalex.org/W3143700967","https://openalex.org/W3144897352","https://openalex.org/W3203637283","https://openalex.org/W4224944040","https://openalex.org/W4226114275","https://openalex.org/W4302762978","https://openalex.org/W4309046272","https://openalex.org/W4310264362","https://openalex.org/W4311580568","https://openalex.org/W4384202874","https://openalex.org/W4385858299","https://openalex.org/W4386416724","https://openalex.org/W4386690520","https://openalex.org/W4387018749","https://openalex.org/W4393158942","https://openalex.org/W4394755951","https://openalex.org/W4394976539","https://openalex.org/W4407955798","https://openalex.org/W4408908761","https://openalex.org/W4410405845","https://openalex.org/W4412711578","https://openalex.org/W4413758768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394755951","https://openalex.org/W3009110415","https://openalex.org/W4386690520","https://openalex.org/W4416737766","https://openalex.org/W4226114275","https://openalex.org/W4393158942","https://openalex.org/W4367042547","https://openalex.org/W4362558375","https://openalex.org/W3199428571","https://openalex.org/W2902968127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Spodoptera":[1],"frugiperda":[2,136,182],",":[3,60,115,117,137,198,200,254,256,259],"commonly":[4],"known":[5],"as":[6,70,112,120,122],"the":[7,26,82,98,107,123,128,175,250,260,278,324,337,343,349,356,362],"fall":[8],"armyworm":[9],"(FAW),":[10],"is":[11,311],"a":[12],"pest":[13,366],"of":[14,81,100,109,131,134,174,180,305,339,359,364],"great":[15],"economic":[16],"importance":[17],"in":[18,49,65,155,167,277,293,317,361],"corn.":[19],"The":[20,303],"species":[21],"has":[22,39],"recently":[23,63],"expanded":[24],"from":[25,162,223,227],"Western":[27],"Hemisphere":[28],"to":[29,54,57,104,209,248,354,368,371],"Africa,":[30],"Asia,":[31],"and":[32,45,56,72,91,118,144,152,164,169,177,214,226,231,236,257,264,284,336,367,377],"Oceania,":[33],"increasing":[34],"its":[35],"global":[36],"impact.":[37],"FAW":[38],"diverged":[40],"into":[41],"two":[42,325],"strains,":[43,326],"corn":[44,163,176,279],"rice,":[46],"which":[47],"differ":[48],"genetics,":[50],"reproductive":[51],"isolation,":[52],"resistance":[53],"insecticides":[55],"Bacillus":[58],"thuringiensis":[59],"and,":[61],"more":[62],"found,":[64],"their":[66,92,140,374],"microbiota.":[67],"Endosymbionts":[68],"such":[69,111],"Arsenophonus":[71,273],"Spiroplasma":[73,116,255,290],"have":[74],"been":[75],"detected":[76,275,292,332],"using":[77,192,242,281,296,299],"next-generation":[78],"sequencing":[79],"(NGS)":[80],"16S":[83],"rRNA":[84],"gene.":[85],"However,":[86],"information":[87],"on":[88,370],"additional":[89],"endosymbionts":[90,110,307,360],"transmission":[93,375],"dynamics":[94,376],"remains":[95],"limited.":[96],"Therefore,":[97],"objectives":[99],"this":[101,156,365],"study":[102],"were":[103,160,183,207,246,267,321],"(i)":[105],"evaluate":[106,355],"presence":[108,338],"Arsenophonus,":[113,252],"Cardinium":[114,253],"Wolbachia":[119,258],"well":[121],"intracellular":[124,261],"parasite":[125,262],"Microsporidia,":[126],"throughout":[127],"life":[129,211],"cycle":[130,212],"both":[132,294],"strains":[133,179,295],"S.":[135,181],"(ii)":[138],"assess":[139],"potential":[141,357],"vertical":[142,314],"transmission,":[143],"(iii)":[145],"examine":[146],"possible":[147,378],"associations":[148],"between":[149,323,333],"these":[150,306,334],"symbionts":[151],"life-history":[153,216,318],"traits":[154,217,319],"insect.":[157],"Methods":[158],"Larvae":[159],"sampled":[161],"rice":[165,178],"fields":[166],"central":[168],"eastern":[170],"Colombia.":[171],"Laboratory":[172],"colonies":[173],"maintained":[184],"under":[185,342],"controlled":[186],"conditions.":[187],"Strain":[188],"identity":[189],"was":[190,220,274,291,331],"confirmed":[191,268,285],"diagnostic":[193],"molecular":[194],"markers":[195],"(":[196],"MspI":[197],"SacI":[199],"FR).":[201],"Within":[202],"each":[203],"strain,":[204],"one-to-one":[205],"crosses":[206],"performed":[208],"construct":[210],"tables":[213],"estimate":[215],"components.":[218],"DNA":[219],"subsequently":[221],"extracted":[222],"parental":[224],"individuals":[225],"eggs,":[228],"larvae,":[229],"pupae,":[230],"adults.":[232],"Following":[233],"extraction,":[234],"conventional":[235,282],"real-time":[237,297],"polymerase":[238],"chain":[239],"reaction":[240],"(PCR)":[241],"an":[243,300],"intercalating":[244,301],"dye":[245],"conducted":[247],"identify":[249],"genera":[251],"Microsporidia":[263],"positive":[265],"amplifications":[266],"by":[269,286],"Sanger":[270,287],"sequencing.":[271,288],"Results":[272],"exclusively":[276],"strain":[280],"PCR":[283,298],"Additionally,":[289],"dye.":[302],"detection":[304],"across":[308],"developmental":[309],"stages":[310],"consistent":[312],"with,":[313],"transmission.":[315],"Differences":[316],"components":[320],"observed":[322],"but":[327],"no":[328],"clear":[329],"association":[330],"differences":[335],"either":[340],"endosymbiont":[341],"conditions":[344],"evaluated.":[345],"These":[346],"results":[347],"highlight":[348],"need":[350],"for":[351],"further":[352,369],"studies":[353],"role":[358],"biology":[363],"better":[372],"understand":[373],"ecological":[379],"interactions.":[380]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}