{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225600124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462","title":"Farm-level agricultural subsidies and agricultural value added in European Union transition economies: evidence from the post-enlargement period","display_name":"Farm-level agricultural subsidies and agricultural value added in European Union transition economies: evidence from the post-enlargement period","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225600124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212157","display_name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","issn_l":"2571-581X","issn":["2571-581X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045421937","display_name":"Mustafa Taytak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-1123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-1123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204585392","display_name":"Usak University","ror":"https://ror.org/05es91y67","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Taytak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Finance, U\u015fak University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Finance, U\u015fak University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015038305","display_name":"Emre Sakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4309-2884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4309-2884"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204585392","display_name":"Usak University","ror":"https://ror.org/05es91y67","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre \u015eakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Finance, U\u015fak University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Finance, U\u015fak University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045421937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204585392"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12033","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Policy","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12033","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Policy","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.035599999129772186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-subsidies","display_name":"agricultural subsidies","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-value-added","display_name":"agricultural value added","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-agricultural-policy","display_name":"Common Agricultural Policy","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gdp-per-capita","display_name":"GDP per capita","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granger-causality","display_name":"Granger causality","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panel-unit-roots","display_name":"panel unit roots","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-run-and-short-run-effects","display_name":"short-run and long-run effects","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-development","display_name":"rural development","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-agricultural-policy-reform","display_name":"Common Agricultural Policy reform","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7250999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6830999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.6309000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.590499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775898560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220687","display_name":"Common Agricultural Policy","level":3,"score":0.5666999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5616999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.5259000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195561663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307899","display_name":"Unit root","level":2,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191988596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628374","display_name":"Null hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44970651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014030","display_name":"Fixed effects model","level":3,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778852317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396198","display_name":"Agricultural policy","level":3,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779872728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994873","display_name":"Gross value added","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993508850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185441","display_name":"Eu countries","level":3,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2822829","display_name":"Agreement on Agriculture","level":3,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27574286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Variables","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133029050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385593","display_name":"Vector autoregression","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212157","display_name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","issn_l":"2571-581X","issn":["2571-581X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b5798c0411e24893a4a1a52416fff488","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5798c0411e24893a4a1a52416fff488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Vol 10 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1959462/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212157","display_name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","issn_l":"2571-581X","issn":["2571-581X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225600124.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225600124.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1922882525","https://openalex.org/W1966910378","https://openalex.org/W1969886729","https://openalex.org/W1972200857","https://openalex.org/W1972895483","https://openalex.org/W1988896309","https://openalex.org/W2026725644","https://openalex.org/W2033787711","https://openalex.org/W2047352417","https://openalex.org/W2067402622","https://openalex.org/W2071434239","https://openalex.org/W2077776244","https://openalex.org/W2078213728","https://openalex.org/W2082524353","https://openalex.org/W2100159459","https://openalex.org/W2105717288","https://openalex.org/W2126989910","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2148333466","https://openalex.org/W2182971511","https://openalex.org/W2346258428","https://openalex.org/W2470609648","https://openalex.org/W2626491638","https://openalex.org/W2744574105","https://openalex.org/W3124091918","https://openalex.org/W3124264020","https://openalex.org/W3187918612","https://openalex.org/W4367299281","https://openalex.org/W4385275356","https://openalex.org/W4392470282","https://openalex.org/W4408469632","https://openalex.org/W4409418651","https://openalex.org/W4415668193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126989910","https://openalex.org/W3177987578","https://openalex.org/W2287473102","https://openalex.org/W7095119283","https://openalex.org/W651481274","https://openalex.org/W2899855142","https://openalex.org/W6905967063","https://openalex.org/W2979963754","https://openalex.org/W3201634499","https://openalex.org/W2111411964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Average":[1],"agricultural":[2,30,58,66,157,162,170,188,200,307],"subsidies":[3,59,158,189,223,308],"per":[4,60,63,159,166,190,208,237],"farm":[5,19,160,191],"are":[6,106,120,239,283],"a":[7,80,183,212,225],"key":[8],"instrument":[9],"of":[10,272,325,335],"the":[11,41,48,97,109,123,143,204,250,266,281,313,323,332],"European":[12],"Union\u2019s":[13],"Common":[14],"Agricultural":[15],"Policy":[16],"(CAP),":[17],"supporting":[18],"incomes,":[20],"competitiveness,":[21],"and":[22,50,53,65,91,117,139,161,227,246,259],"sustainable":[23],"rural":[24],"development.":[25],"However,":[26],"their":[27],"effects":[28],"on":[29],"value":[31,67,163,171,201,310],"added":[32,68,202,311],"remain":[33],"inconclusive,":[34],"particularly":[35],"in":[36,69,149,186,199,203,235,312],"EU":[37,71,336],"transition":[38,72,337],"economies":[39,73],"following":[40],"2013":[42],"CAP":[43,328],"reform.":[44],"This":[45],"study":[46,78],"examines":[47],"short-":[49,116],"long-run":[51,118,214,267],"relationships":[52,105],"Granger-causality":[54],"interactions":[55],"among":[56,299],"average":[57,156,187],"farm,":[61],"GDP":[62,165,207,236],"capita,":[64],"11":[70],"over":[74],"2013\u20132023.":[75],"Methods":[76],"The":[77,133,178,241,257,303],"uses":[79],"balanced":[81],"panel":[82,100,112],"dataset.":[83],"Cross-sectional":[84],"dependence":[85,138],"is":[86,94,176,192,220,244],"assessed":[87],"through":[88],"complementary":[89],"tests,":[90],"variable":[92],"stationarity":[93],"examined":[95],"using":[96,108,122],"second-generation":[98],"CIPS":[99],"unit":[101],"root":[102],"test.":[103],"Causal":[104],"investigated":[107],"Emirmahmuto\u011flu-K\u00f6se":[110],"heterogeneous":[111],"causality":[113,153,175],"test,":[114],"while":[115,232],"coefficients":[119],"estimated":[121],"Panel":[124],"Autoregressive":[125],"Distributed":[126],"Lag\u2013Pooled":[127],"Mean":[128],"Group":[129],"(ARDL-PMG)":[130],"estimator.":[131],"Results":[132],"findings":[134,304],"reveal":[135],"significant":[136,229,248,261],"cross-sectional":[137],"panel-level":[140],"evidence":[141],"against":[142],"unit-root":[144],"null":[145],"for":[146],"all":[147],"variables":[148,282],"levels.":[150],"Bidirectional":[151],"Granger":[152],"exists":[154],"between":[155],"added.":[164],"capita":[167,209,238],"also":[168,210],"Granger-causes":[169],"added,":[172],"although":[173,216],"reverse":[174],"weaker.":[177,221],"ARDL-PMG":[179],"estimates":[180],"indicate":[181],"that":[182,280,306],"1%":[184,251],"increase":[185,198],"associated":[193],"with":[194,269],"an":[195,292],"approximately":[196,270],"0.17%":[197],"long":[205,314],"run.":[206],"exhibits":[211],"positive":[213],"coefficient,":[215,231],"its":[217],"statistical":[218],"significance":[219],"Conversely,":[222],"have":[224],"negative":[226,258],"statistically":[228,247,260],"short-run":[230,233,273,318],"changes":[234],"insignificant.":[240],"error-correction":[242],"coefficient":[243,262],"\u22120.833956":[245],"at":[249,285],"level":[252],"(":[253],"p":[254],"<":[255],"0.001).":[256],"indicates":[263],"convergence":[264,290],"toward":[265,291],"equilibrium,":[268],"83.4%":[271],"disequilibrium":[274],"corrected":[275],"within":[276],"one":[277],"year.":[278],"Given":[279],"stationary":[284],"levels,":[286],"this":[287],"adjustment":[288,319],"reflects":[289],"equilibrium":[293],"relationship":[294],"rather":[295],"than":[296],"conventional":[297],"cointegration":[298],"integrated":[300],"series.":[301],"Discussion":[302],"suggest":[305],"support":[309],"run":[315],"despite":[316],"adverse":[317],"effects.":[320],"They":[321],"highlight":[322],"importance":[324],"predictable,":[326],"productivity-oriented":[327],"instruments":[329],"tailored":[330],"to":[331],"structural":[333],"characteristics":[334],"economies.":[338]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-09T00:00:00"}
