{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225599052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24048479","title":"When the Refrigerator Becomes the Attack Surface: Cyber Risk to the 2\u20138 \u00b0C Pharmaceutical Cold Chain in Health Care","display_name":"When the Refrigerator Becomes the Attack Surface: Cyber Risk to the 2\u20138 \u00b0C Pharmaceutical Cold Chain in Health Care","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225599052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24048479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24048479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24048479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24048479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24048479","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004249388","display_name":"Purvish Mahendra Parikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-8788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-8788"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PARIKH, PURVISH","raw_affiliation_strings":["asiapacific geriatric oncology society"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-8788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"asiapacific geriatric oncology society","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046537972","display_name":"Avinash Talele","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Talele, Avinash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Restora Oncocare Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Restora Oncocare Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050024553","display_name":"Aditya Sarin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-6508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-6508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113434","display_name":"Sir Ganga Ram Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01x18vk56","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113434"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162682","display_name":"Sir Ganga Ram Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ghxpd93","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162682"]}],"countries":["IN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarin, Aditya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sir Gangaram Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sir Gangaram Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113434","https://openalex.org/I4210162682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161302643","display_name":"C Sateesh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136115","display_name":"Healthcare Global Enterprises","ror":"https://ror.org/046k3mr17","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136115"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sateesh, C","raw_affiliation_strings":["Healthcare Global Enterprises Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Healthcare Global Enterprises Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161281302","display_name":"Pavan Raghav Reddy Kalluri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalluri, Pavan Raghav Reddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arka Hospital and Research Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arka Hospital and Research Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161293889","display_name":"Rajesh K Koundinya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koundinya, Rajesh K","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arthmudra"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arthmudra","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161279270","display_name":"Manoj Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I910881529","display_name":"Intas Pharmaceuticals (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/034gkfh25","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I910881529"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumar, Manoj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I910881529"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.8490999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.8490999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13690","display_name":"Quality and Safety in Healthcare","score":0.02500000037252903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12486","display_name":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","score":0.015200000256299973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-cold-chain","display_name":"pharmaceutical cold chain","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-storage","display_name":"vaccine storage","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity-risks","display_name":"cybersecurity risks","score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"critical infrastructure","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integrity","display_name":"data integrity","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patch-management","display_name":"patch management","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-monitoring","display_name":"independent monitoring","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-modeling","display_name":"loss modeling","score":0.4169999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621","display_name":"Vendor","level":2,"score":0.703499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6446999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5012999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414572","display_name":"Ransom","level":2,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988529969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5142478","display_name":"Cold storage","level":2,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780114722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592197","display_name":"Cold chain","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513323569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554101","display_name":"Medical equipment","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133652896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251300","display_name":"Protected health information","level":5,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778873167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59434791","display_name":"Payroll","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294350","display_name":"ALARM","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779517930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5317588","display_name":"Duty to warn","level":3,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194541083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457174","display_name":"Workaround","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775892892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509517","display_name":"Revocation","level":3,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779795794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315343","display_name":"Reset (finance)","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909164965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6014597","display_name":"Incident report","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24048479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24048479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24048479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24048480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24048480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24048480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24048479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24048479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24048479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7225166728","https://openalex.org/W6893560868","https://openalex.org/W2592038762","https://openalex.org/W2954614319","https://openalex.org/W2767221322","https://openalex.org/W3005211857","https://openalex.org/W7205011389","https://openalex.org/W7222496376","https://openalex.org/W7005904635","https://openalex.org/W4402648332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Between":[0],"11":[1],"October":[2],"and":[3,20,43,48,56,68,70,76,95,101,146,166,182,211,230],"3":[4],"November":[5,102],"2026,":[6,103],"internet-exposed":[7,113],"refrigeration":[8,114,202],"controllers":[9],"were":[10],"manipulated":[11],"at":[12,15,31,153],"supermarkets":[13],"in":[14,46,120,175,240],"least":[16],"nine":[17],"European":[18],"countries,":[19],"the":[21,54,57,72,151,176,180,183,195],"US":[22],"Department":[23],"of":[24,86],"Defense":[25],"began":[26],"investigating":[27],"similar":[28],"freezer":[29],"failures":[30],"military":[32],"commissaries.":[33],"Equivalent":[34],"supervisory":[35,127],"equipment":[36],"is":[37,63,82],"used":[38],"to":[39],"hold":[40],"vaccines,":[41],"biologics,":[42],"blood-bank":[44],"reagents":[45],"hospitals":[47],"pharmaceutical":[49],"warehouses.":[50],"This":[51],"article":[52],"describes":[53],"incidents":[55],"vulnerability":[58],"behind":[59],"them,":[60],"summarizes":[61],"what":[62],"known":[64],"about":[65],"who":[66],"acted":[67],"why,":[69],"translates":[71],"findings":[73],"into":[74,204],"consequences":[75],"controls":[77],"for":[78,135,141],"health":[79,241],"care.":[80],"It":[81],"a":[83,142,147,154,190,201,205],"narrative":[84],"review":[85],"national":[87],"cybersecurity":[88],"alerts,":[89],"vendor":[90],"advisories,":[91],"internet-exposure":[92],"scan":[93],"reports,":[94],"news":[96],"reporting":[97],"published":[98],"between":[99],"August":[100],"combined":[104],"with":[105,235],"an":[106],"illustrative":[107],"loss":[108],"model.":[109],"Scans":[110],"identified":[111],"12,976":[112],"management":[115],"services":[116],"on":[117,194],"6,017":[118],"addresses":[119],"99":[121],"countries.":[122],"Attackers":[123],"needed":[124],"only":[125],"ordinary":[126],"functions":[128],"(setpoints,":[129],"defrost,":[130],"alarm":[131],"suppression),":[132],"exploiting":[133],"flaws":[134],"which":[136],"fixes":[137],"had":[138],"been":[139,170],"available":[140],"year":[143],"or":[144],"more,":[145],"laboratory":[148],"demonstration":[149],"held":[150],"display":[152],"normal":[155],"reading":[156],"while":[157],"cooling":[158],"was":[159,198],"disabled.":[160],"No":[161],"group":[162],"has":[163,169],"claimed":[164],"responsibility":[165],"no":[167],"ransom":[168],"demanded.":[171],"The":[172],"exposure":[173],"lies":[174],"control":[177],"layer,":[178],"not":[179],"refrigerator,":[181],"temperature":[184],"record":[185],"that":[186,197],"would":[187],"normally":[188],"settle":[189],"batch-disposition":[191],"decision":[192],"resides":[193],"device":[196],"manipulated,":[199],"converting":[200],"fault":[203],"data-integrity":[206],"event.":[207],"Health":[208],"care":[209,242],"organizations":[210],"their":[212],"suppliers":[213],"should":[214],"treat":[215],"any":[216],"internet-reachable":[217],"controller":[218],"as":[219,245],"compromised,":[220],"verify":[221],"reachability":[222],"by":[223],"external":[224],"scanning,":[225],"remove":[226],"it":[227],"before":[228],"patching,":[229],"pair":[231],"every":[232],"critical":[233,246],"store":[234],"independent":[236],"monitoring.":[237],"Cold":[238],"storage":[239],"merits":[243],"treatment":[244],"infrastructure.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-09T00:00:00"}