{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225588016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.11.21111","title":"Factors associated with gastrointestinal intolerance to enteral feeding in patients with traumatic brain injury","display_name":"Factors associated with gastrointestinal intolerance to enteral feeding in patients with traumatic brain injury","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225588016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.11.21111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12669/pjms.42.11.21111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.11.21111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.11.21111","pdf_url":"https://pjms.org.pk/index.php/pjms/article/download/21111/11769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83180243","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"1681-715X","issn":["1681-715X","1682-024X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319271","host_organization_name":"Professional Medical Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319271"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Professional Medical Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://pjms.org.pk/index.php/pjms/article/download/21111/11769","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078602250","display_name":"Sundas Irshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7503-4676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7503-4676"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254933","display_name":"Punjab Institute of Neurosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dha3k90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sundas Irshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resident Trainee, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Unit-I, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7503-4676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resident Trainee, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Unit-I, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004088981","display_name":"Arham Amir Khawaja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4121-3180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4121-3180"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254933","display_name":"Punjab Institute of Neurosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dha3k90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arham Amir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resident Trainee, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Unit-I, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4121-3180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resident Trainee, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Unit-I, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159370597","display_name":"Warda Rauf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9337-2021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9337-2021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254933","display_name":"Punjab Institute of Neurosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dha3k90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warda Rauf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resident Trainee, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Unit-III, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9337-2021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resident Trainee, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Unit-III, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130901045","display_name":"Dr Manal Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1599-5712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1599-5712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254933","display_name":"Punjab Institute of Neurosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dha3k90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manal Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Registrar, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Unit-I, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1599-5712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Registrar, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Unit-I, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120764711","display_name":"Syed Ahmad Faizan Bukhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-8326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-8326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254933","display_name":"Punjab Institute of Neurosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dha3k90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ahmad Faizan Bukhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Unit-I, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-8326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Unit-I, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"],"apc_list":{"value":400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":400},"apc_paid":{"value":400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":400},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"11","first_page":"3249","last_page":"3254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10858","display_name":"Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10858","display_name":"Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10365","display_name":"Gastrointestinal motility and disorders","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enteral-feeding-intolerance","display_name":"enteral feeding intolerance","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-intolerance","display_name":"gastrointestinal intolerance","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enteral-nutrition","display_name":"enteral nutrition","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-injury-severity","display_name":"brain injury severity","score":0.7979999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9541000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526","display_name":"Traumatic brain injury","level":2,"score":0.730400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78722104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21653202","display_name":"Parenteral nutrition","level":2,"score":0.6902999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6815000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44315111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344580","display_name":"Enteral administration","level":3,"score":0.6287999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777903966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1727229","display_name":"Food intolerance","level":3,"score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778099472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300099","display_name":"Gastrointestinal disease","level":3,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12669/pjms.42.11.21111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.11.21111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.11.21111","pdf_url":"https://pjms.org.pk/index.php/pjms/article/download/21111/11769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83180243","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"1681-715X","issn":["1681-715X","1682-024X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319271","host_organization_name":"Professional Medical Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319271"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Professional Medical Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12669/pjms.42.11.21111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.11.21111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.11.21111","pdf_url":"https://pjms.org.pk/index.php/pjms/article/download/21111/11769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83180243","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"1681-715X","issn":["1681-715X","1682-024X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319271","host_organization_name":"Professional Medical Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319271"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Professional Medical Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225588016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225588016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982889272","https://openalex.org/W2409228788","https://openalex.org/W3119928510","https://openalex.org/W3172701960","https://openalex.org/W3194813782","https://openalex.org/W4226192637","https://openalex.org/W4283034061","https://openalex.org/W4366550374","https://openalex.org/W4383224314","https://openalex.org/W4384297410","https://openalex.org/W4396802859","https://openalex.org/W4405309123","https://openalex.org/W4405654536","https://openalex.org/W4407921825","https://openalex.org/W4411789256","https://openalex.org/W4415356688","https://openalex.org/W4417153410","https://openalex.org/W7119073235","https://openalex.org/W7140880720","https://openalex.org/W7159822104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7124403659","https://openalex.org/W1982889272","https://openalex.org/W2047253772","https://openalex.org/W7203610244","https://openalex.org/W2351835791","https://openalex.org/W2090605576","https://openalex.org/W4283034061","https://openalex.org/W2883718018","https://openalex.org/W2987771032","https://openalex.org/W2037268291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"To":[1],"determine":[2],"frequency":[3],"of":[4,21,40,45,96,121,152,175,188,219,225,240,245],"gastrointestinal":[5,22,84,97,229,247],"intolerance":[6,23,85,98,138,146,191,230,248],"to":[7,58,79,92,99,139,227,236],"enteral":[8,53,100,140],"feeding":[9,168,176],"in":[10,109,128,234,249],"patients":[11,28,51,107,158,195],"with":[12,83,117,179,194,196],"traumatic":[13,25],"brain":[14,26],"injury":[15,27],"(TBI)":[16],"and":[17,86,170,181,206,217],"identify":[18,80,93],"independent":[19,94,243],"predictors":[20,95],"among":[24],"Methodology:":[29],"This":[30],"prospective":[31],"observational":[32],"cohort":[33],"study":[34],"was":[35,62,77,90,126,147,231],"conducted":[36],"at":[37],"the":[38,104,118],"Department":[39],"Neurosurgery,":[41],"Unit-I,":[42],"Punjab":[43],"Institute":[44],"Neurosciences,":[46],"Lahore,":[47],"Pakistan,":[48],"involving":[49],"TBI":[50,183,198,241,250],"on":[52],"nutrition":[54,125],"from":[55,136],"March":[56],"2026":[57],"May":[59],"2026.":[60],"Data":[61],"analyzed":[63],"using":[64],"Statistical":[65],"Package":[66],"for":[67,215],"social":[68],"sciences":[69],"(SPSS),":[70],"version":[71],"29.":[72],"After":[73],"descriptive":[74],"analysis,":[75],"Chi-square":[76],"used":[78],"factors":[81],"associated":[82],"binary":[87],"logistic":[88],"regression":[89],"applied":[91],"feeding.":[101],"Results:":[102],"Of":[103,142],"total":[105],"50":[106],"included":[108],"this":[110],"study,":[111],"there":[112],"were":[113],"40%":[114],"(20)":[115],"males":[116],"mean":[119],"age":[120],"37.9\u00b116.1":[122],"years.":[123],"Enteral":[124],"well-tolerated":[127],"10%":[129],"(5)":[130,164,172],"patients,":[131,145],"while":[132],"90%":[133],"(45)":[134],"suffered":[135],"GI":[137,190],"nutrition.":[141],"these":[143],"45":[144],"settled":[148,159,165],"after":[149,160,213],"temporary":[150],"cessation":[151],"feeding,":[153],"57.7%":[154],"(26),":[155],"48.8%":[156],"(22)":[157],"receiving":[161],"gastroprokinetics,":[162],"11.1%":[163,171],"by":[166],"changing":[167],"formula,":[169],"underwent":[173],"adjustment":[174,214],"rates.":[177],"Patients":[178],"mild":[180],"moderate":[182,226,235],"had":[184],"significantly":[185],"lower":[186],"odds":[187],"developing":[189],"when":[192],"compared":[193],"severe":[197,228,237],"i.e.,":[199],"OR:":[200,207],"0.025":[201],"(95%":[202],"CI:":[203],"0.002-0.277),":[204],"p=0.003":[205],"0.080":[208],"(95%CI:":[209],"0.007-0.888),":[210],"p=0.040":[211],"respectively":[212],"diabetes":[216],"use":[218],"gastroprokinetic":[220],"drugs.":[221],"Conclusion:":[222],"The":[223],"occurrence":[224],"more":[232],"frequent":[233],"TBI.":[238],"Severity":[239],"is":[242],"predictor":[244],"moderate-to-severe":[246],"patients.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-09T00:00:00"}