{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225577494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70945/ibmcj.v21i02.0244","title":"Patterns of Pharmacological Pain Management in Children Undergoing Dental Procedures at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Bangladesh","display_name":"Patterns of Pharmacological Pain Management in Children Undergoing Dental Procedures at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Bangladesh","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225577494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70945/ibmcj.v21i02.0244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.70945/ibmcj.v21i02.0244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70945/ibmcj.v21i02.0244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70945/ibmcj.v21i02.0244","pdf_url":"https://ibmcj.org/index.php/j/article/download/244/291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173955","display_name":"Islami Bank Medical College Journal","issn_l":"2225-9171","issn":["2225-9171","2408-8552"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Islami Bank Medical College Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ibmcj.org/index.php/j/article/download/244/291","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148598549","display_name":"Sharmin Akhter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2414-6257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2414-6257"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharmin Akhter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Therapeutics, Dental Unit, TMSS Medical College, Bogura"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2414-6257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Therapeutics, Dental Unit, TMSS Medical College, Bogura","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160872459","display_name":"Muhammad Maidul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5058-7626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5058-7626"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Maidul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dental Unit, TMSS Medical College, Bogura"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5058-7626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dental Unit, TMSS Medical College, Bogura","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161282773","display_name":"Tarana Sultana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0822-1774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0822-1774"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarana Sultana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Unit, TMSS Medical College, Bogura"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0822-1774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Unit, TMSS Medical College, Bogura","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161272836","display_name":"Nourin Mostari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9495-7251","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9495-7251"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nourin Mostari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Anatomy, Saphena Women's Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9495-7251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Anatomy, Saphena Women's Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161278127","display_name":"Abdulla Hil Kafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5973-4180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5973-4180"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulla Hil Kafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor & Head, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental Unit, TMSS Medical College, Bogura"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5973-4180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor & Head, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental Unit, TMSS Medical College, Bogura","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161278243","display_name":"Faria Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0450-7410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0450-7410"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faria Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, Dental Unit, Islami Bank Medical College, Rajshahi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0450-7410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, Dental Unit, Islami Bank Medical College, Rajshahi","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"132","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12145","display_name":"Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques","score":0.8036999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12145","display_name":"Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques","score":0.8036999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":0.19009999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacological-pain-management","display_name":"pharmacological pain management","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-anesthesia","display_name":"local anesthesia","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-analgesics","display_name":"systemic analgesics","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidocaine","display_name":"lidocaine","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paracetamol","display_name":"paracetamol","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibuprofen","display_name":"ibuprofen","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tooth-extraction","display_name":"tooth extraction","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulp-therapy","display_name":"pulp therapy","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-restorations","display_name":"dental restorations","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-analgesia","display_name":"postoperative analgesia","score":0.902999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779944601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186969","display_name":"Ibuprofen","level":2,"score":0.632099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991842025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Tertiary care","level":2,"score":0.6237999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.5376999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216935","display_name":"Lidocaine","level":2,"score":0.5227000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983098980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621261","display_name":"Pain management","level":2,"score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779360543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849893","display_name":"Dental extraction","level":2,"score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776693998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5259410","display_name":"Dental care","level":2,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54510867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2508462","display_name":"Oral and maxillofacial pathology","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776742690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455662","display_name":"Local anesthesia","level":2,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777165788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143925","display_name":"Toothache","level":2,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993247534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621261","display_name":"Pain relief","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991742891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621261","display_name":"Pain control","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018637965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dental clinic","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779526319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615057","display_name":"Anesthesiology","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910233157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dental treatments","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.70945/ibmcj.v21i02.0244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70945/ibmcj.v21i02.0244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70945/ibmcj.v21i02.0244","pdf_url":"https://ibmcj.org/index.php/j/article/download/244/291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173955","display_name":"Islami Bank Medical College Journal","issn_l":"2225-9171","issn":["2225-9171","2408-8552"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Islami Bank Medical College Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.70945/ibmcj.v21i02.0244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70945/ibmcj.v21i02.0244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70945/ibmcj.v21i02.0244","pdf_url":"https://ibmcj.org/index.php/j/article/download/244/291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173955","display_name":"Islami Bank Medical College Journal","issn_l":"2225-9171","issn":["2225-9171","2408-8552"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Islami Bank Medical College Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225577494.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225577494.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037710271","https://openalex.org/W2141562605","https://openalex.org/W2143350322","https://openalex.org/W2598809783","https://openalex.org/W2625156500","https://openalex.org/W2895513769","https://openalex.org/W3005613287","https://openalex.org/W3081420277","https://openalex.org/W3099007040","https://openalex.org/W4200163018","https://openalex.org/W4398794583","https://openalex.org/W4400855247","https://openalex.org/W4410567131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4398794583","https://openalex.org/W7143411610","https://openalex.org/W4412483744","https://openalex.org/W2735978645","https://openalex.org/W4396925800","https://openalex.org/W3204014236","https://openalex.org/W2000609740","https://openalex.org/W4406401565","https://openalex.org/W7146986804","https://openalex.org/W4397012930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Pediatric":[1],"dental":[2,35,59,157,235],"procedures":[3,36,60],"require":[4],"appropriate":[5],"pharmacological":[6,29,53,112],"pain":[7,30,54,113,230],"management":[8,31,55,114,231],"to":[9,48,100],"ensure":[10],"children's":[11],"comfort":[12],"and":[13,86,89,111,122,141,159,167,193,222],"recovery.":[14],"However,":[15],"evidence":[16],"on":[17],"its":[18],"utilization":[19],"patterns":[20,51],"in":[21,65,206,232],"Bangladesh":[22],"remains":[23],"limited;":[24],"therefore,":[25],"this":[26],"study":[27,46,73],"assessed":[28],"among":[32,56],"children":[33,57,105,131,233],"undergoing":[34,58,234],"at":[37,61,76],"tertiary":[38,62],"care":[39,63],"hospitals.":[40],"Objective:":[41],"The":[42],"aim":[43],"of":[44,52,219],"the":[45,50,150,171,183],"was":[47,74,149,170,182],"assess":[49],"hospitals":[64],"Bangladesh.":[66],"Methods":[67],"&":[68,94],"Materials:":[69],"This":[70],"observational":[71],"cross-sectional":[72],"conducted":[75],"TMSS":[77],"Medical":[78],"College":[79,85,93],"Dental":[80,84,92],"Unit,":[81],"Bogura;":[82],"Dhaka":[83],"Hospital,":[87,95],"Dhaka;":[88],"Saphena":[90],"Womens'":[91],"Bangladesh,":[96],"from":[97],"July":[98],"2025":[99],"June":[101],"2026,":[102],"involving":[103],"160":[104,130],"aged":[106,144],"2\u201312":[107],"years.":[108,146],"Sociodemographic,":[109],"procedural,":[110],"data":[115],"were":[116,139,143,197],"collected":[117],"using":[118,124],"a":[119],"structured":[120],"form":[121],"analyzed":[123],"SPSS":[125],"version":[126],"26.0.":[127],"Results:":[128],"Among":[129],"(mean":[132],"age":[133,213],"7.05":[134],"\u00b1":[135],"2.22":[136],"years),":[137],"55.0%":[138],"boys":[140],"48.8%":[142],"5\u20138":[145],"Tooth":[147],"extraction":[148],"most":[151,184,198],"common":[152],"procedure":[153],"(32.5%),":[154],"followed":[155,175,189],"by":[156,176,190],"restoration":[158],"pulp":[160],"therapy":[161,209],"(25.0%":[162],"each).":[163],"Combined":[164,208,217],"local":[165,177,220],"anesthesia":[166,178,221],"systemic":[168,223],"analgesics":[169,224],"leading":[172],"approach":[173],"(38.8%),":[174],"alone":[179],"(30.0%).":[180],"Lidocaine":[181],"frequently":[185],"used":[186],"agent":[187],"(67.5%),":[188],"paracetamol":[191],"(46.3%)":[192],"ibuprofen":[194],"(23.8%).":[195],"Analgesics":[196],"commonly":[199],"administered":[200],"postoperatively":[201],"(31.3%),":[202],"with":[203],"oral":[204],"administration":[205],"57.5%.":[207],"predominated":[210],"across":[211],"all":[212],"groups":[214],"(36.0\u201341.0%).":[215],"Conclusion:":[216],"use":[218],"is":[225],"important":[226],"for":[227],"effective,":[228],"age-appropriate":[229],"procedures.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-09T00:00:00"}
