{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225575809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24046019","title":"Post-Quantum Cryptographic Hardware Integration and Worst-Case Latency Verification in H-PBFT/QKD Distributed Ledger Systems: Deterministic FN-DSA (Falcon) FPGA Offloading and Shadow Simulation Architecture(","display_name":"Post-Quantum Cryptographic Hardware Integration and Worst-Case Latency Verification in H-PBFT/QKD Distributed Ledger Systems: Deterministic FN-DSA (Falcon) FPGA Offloading and Shadow Simulation Architecture(","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225575809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24046019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24046019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24046019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24046019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24046019","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158913348","display_name":"Yoko(\u6d0b\u5b50) Hasebe(\u9577\u8c37\u90e8)","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hasebe(\u9577\u8c37\u90e8), Yoko(\u6d0b\u5b50)","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lead Researcher, Autonomous Infrastructure Systems, Autonomous Living & Physical Infrastructure Institute, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lead Researcher, Autonomous Infrastructure Systems, Autonomous Living & Physical Infrastructure Institute, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5158913348"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.29660001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.29660001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.2761000096797943,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.24009999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-quantum-cryptography","display_name":"post-quantum cryptography","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fpga-acceleration","display_name":"FPGA acceleration","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pbft-consensus","display_name":"PBFT consensus","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"quantum key distribution","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ledger-technology","display_name":"distributed ledger technology","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ntru-lattice","display_name":"NTRU lattice","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-countermeasures","display_name":"side-channel countermeasures","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-simulation","display_name":"shadow simulation","score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis-attacks","display_name":"power analysis attacks","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist-pqc","display_name":"NIST PQC","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilithium","display_name":"Dilithium","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-based-cryptography","display_name":"lattice-based cryptography","score":0.45899999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.791100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28420585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665075","display_name":"Timing attack","level":4,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142962650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240838","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","level":3,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7608002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477202","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","level":3,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65302260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327675","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","level":4,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24046019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24046019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24046019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24046020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24046020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24046020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24046019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24046019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24046019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386047468","https://openalex.org/W7214583778","https://openalex.org/W7131238711","https://openalex.org/W4319300636","https://openalex.org/W7117891269","https://openalex.org/W4416250150","https://openalex.org/W7222443362","https://openalex.org/W3093259370","https://openalex.org/W7225162791","https://openalex.org/W4254366963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"technical":[1],"monograph":[2],"provides":[3],"rigorous":[4],"architectural":[5],"specifications":[6],"and":[7,25,64,89,144,147,192,235,258,294,317],"empirical":[8],"verification":[9,119,297],"protocols":[10],"for":[11],"integrating":[12],"Post-Quantum":[13],"Cryptography":[14],"(PQC)":[15],"hardware":[16,163],"accelerators":[17],"into":[18,232],"a":[19,161],"Hybrid":[20],"Practical":[21],"Byzantine":[22],"Fault":[23],"Tolerance":[24],"Quantum":[26],"Key":[27,320],"Distribution":[28],"(H-PBFT/QKD)":[29],"distributed":[30],"ledger":[31],"system":[32],"(DOI:":[33],"10.5281/zenodo.24046020).":[34],"1.":[35],"Cryptographic":[36],"Algorithm":[37],"Selection":[38],"(FN-DSA":[39],"/":[40,44],"Falcon":[41],"vs.":[42,86],"ML-DSA":[43],"Dilithium):":[45],"Given":[46],"the":[47,284],"O(N^2)":[48,117],"message":[49],"complexity":[50],"inherent":[51],"to":[52,102,106,288],"PBFT":[53,127],"consensus":[54],"protocols,":[55],"signature":[56,78,118],"payload":[57],"size":[58],"directly":[59,228],"governs":[60],"network":[61,98,279],"bandwidth":[62],"saturation":[63],"end-to-end":[65],"finality":[66],"latency.":[67],"At":[68],"NIST":[69],"Security":[70],"Level":[71],"5,":[72],"FN-DSA":[73],"(Falcon-1024,":[74],"FIPS":[75,109],"206)":[76],"reduces":[77],"byte":[79],"length":[80],"by":[81],"approximately":[82],"72%":[83],"(1,280":[84],"Bytes":[85],"4,595":[87],"Bytes)":[88],"cuts":[90],"per-round":[91],"broadcast":[92],"traffic":[93],"across":[94],"an":[95],"N=100":[96],"node":[97],"from":[99,229],"45.5":[100],"MB":[101,104],"12.7":[103],"compared":[105],"ML-DSA-87":[107],"(Dilithium5,":[108],"204).":[110],"Furthermore,":[111],"Falcon's":[112],"asymmetric":[113],"computational":[114],"profile\u2014lightweight,":[115],"ultra-fast":[116],"paired":[120],"with":[121,126,182,207,250,335],"intensive":[122],"O(N)":[123],"trapdoor":[124],"generation\u2014aligns":[125],"replica":[128],"workloads.":[129],"2.":[130],"Deterministic":[131],"FPGA":[132],"Offloading":[133],"&":[134,201],"Side-Channel":[135],"Countermeasures":[136],"(Phase":[137,275],"A):":[138],"To":[139],"eliminate":[140],"floating-point":[141],"execution":[142,205],"non-determinism":[143],"mitigate":[145],"timing":[146],"power/electromagnetic":[148],"side-channel":[149],"attacks":[150],"(DPA/EMA)":[151],"during":[152],"Fast":[153],"Fourier":[154],"Sampling":[155],"over":[156,331],"NTRU":[157],"lattices,":[158],"we":[159,282],"define":[160],"dedicated":[162],"offload":[164],"architecture":[165],"on":[166],"Xilinx":[167],"(AMD)":[168],"Zynq":[169],"UltraScale+":[170],"MPSoC":[171],"platforms:":[172],"-":[173,196,216,238],"Unified":[174],"FFT/NTT":[175],"Butterfly":[176],"Core:":[177],"Conflict-free":[178],"multi-bank":[179],"memory":[180],"access":[181],"compressed":[183],"twiddle":[184],"factors":[185],"supporting":[186],"IEEE":[187],"754":[188],"double-precision":[189],"(53-bit":[190],"mantissa)":[191],"modular":[193],"integer":[194],"arithmetic.":[195],"Constant-Time":[197],"Gaussian":[198],"Sampler":[199],"(SamplerZ)":[200],"First-Order":[202],"Masking:":[203],"Data-independent":[204],"cycles":[206],"secret":[208],"polynomial":[209],"share":[210],"splitting":[211],"(f":[212],"->":[213],"f',":[214],"f'').":[215],"Direct":[217],"QKD":[218,230,319],"Entropy":[219],"Injection:":[220],"Physical-layer":[221],"true":[222],"random":[223],"seeding":[224],"via":[225,272],"AXI-Stream/Secure":[226],"SPI":[227],"receivers":[231],"PQC":[233,328],"salt":[234],"sampler":[236],"pipelines.":[237],"Asynchronous":[239],"Zero-Copy":[240],"Software":[241],"Stack:":[242],"Non-blocking":[243],"PSA":[244],"Crypto":[245],"API":[246],"extensions":[247],"(psa_sign_message_async)":[248],"coupled":[249],"Linux":[251],"Kernel":[252],"AF_ALG":[253],"splice/sendmsg":[254],"zero-copy":[255],"DMA":[256],"rings":[257],"composite":[259],"hybrid":[260],"keys":[261],"(SIG":[262],"=":[263],"SIG_ECDSA":[264],"||":[265],"SIG_FALCON).":[266],"3.":[267],"Worst-Case":[268],"Latency":[269],"(WCL)":[270],"Verification":[271],"Shadow":[273,285],"Simulator":[274],"B):":[276],"Unlike":[277],"abstract":[278],"simulators":[280],"(ns-3),":[281],"employ":[283],"discrete-event":[286],"simulator":[287],"execute":[289],"real":[290],"compiled":[291],"H-PBFT/Falcon":[292],"binaries":[293],"capture":[295],"CPU-bound":[296],"queuing":[298],"effects":[299],"under":[300],"three":[301],"adversarial":[302],"stress":[303],"scenarios:":[304],"(i)":[305],"Lazy":[306],"Leader":[307],"(compute-bound":[308],"timeout":[309],"induction),":[310],"(ii)":[311],"Flooding":[312],"Replica":[313],"(verification":[314],"DoS":[315],"saturation),":[316],"(iii)":[318],"Rate":[321],"Exhaustion":[322],"(token-bucket":[323],"degradation":[324],"dynamics),":[325],"targeting":[326],"<5%":[327],"latency":[329],"overhead":[330],"100ms":[332],"WAN":[333],"topologies":[334],"zero":[336],"spurious":[337],"View":[338],"Changes.":[339],"\u3054?":[340]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-09T00:00:00"}