{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225574053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sl-09-2026-0449","title":"Architectural hedging capacity: preserving strategic optionality in AI provider relationships","display_name":"Architectural hedging capacity: preserving strategic optionality in AI provider relationships","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225574053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sl-09-2026-0449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/sl-09-2026-0449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sl-09-2026-0449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sl-09-2026-0449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137473582","display_name":"Strategy and Leadership","issn_l":"0094-064X","issn":["0094-064X","1087-8572","1758-9568","2377-7613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Strategy &amp; Leadership","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161288574","display_name":"Joseph Pecaric","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8727-9494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8727-9494"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Pecaric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Scholar , DaNang,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8727-9494","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Scholar , DaNang,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161288574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.8003000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.8003000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.07840000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.051500000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provider-switching","display_name":"provider switching","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integration-drift","display_name":"integration drift","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-dependence-theory","display_name":"resource dependence theory","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-options","display_name":"real options","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"modularity","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-routines","display_name":"organizational routines","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-attention","display_name":"managerial attention","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supplier-dependence","display_name":"supplier dependence","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-model-integration","display_name":"AI model integration","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98965940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877496","display_name":"Transaction cost","level":2,"score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4934999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.4756999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382097","display_name":"Resource-based view","level":3,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181169782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571520","display_name":"Vertical integration","level":2,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176632266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621836","display_name":"Strategic fit","level":3,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86275758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376657","display_name":"Strategic management","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188959678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145933","display_name":"Resource dependence theory","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778510605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808810","display_name":"Asset specificity","level":3,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147887874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16252774","display_name":"Institutional theory","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/sl-09-2026-0449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sl-09-2026-0449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sl-09-2026-0449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137473582","display_name":"Strategy and Leadership","issn_l":"0094-064X","issn":["0094-064X","1087-8572","1758-9568","2377-7613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Strategy &amp; Leadership","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973162559","https://openalex.org/W1997356398","https://openalex.org/W2017732813","https://openalex.org/W2031977650","https://openalex.org/W2032093174","https://openalex.org/W2068119329","https://openalex.org/W2070460875","https://openalex.org/W2089867679","https://openalex.org/W2101946146","https://openalex.org/W2112948858","https://openalex.org/W2118023438","https://openalex.org/W2123308448","https://openalex.org/W2134672337","https://openalex.org/W2153981305","https://openalex.org/W2314139024","https://openalex.org/W2322324549","https://openalex.org/W2341749628","https://openalex.org/W2888732069","https://openalex.org/W3012440800","https://openalex.org/W3120799546","https://openalex.org/W3124536214","https://openalex.org/W4238608942","https://openalex.org/W4384154918","https://openalex.org/W4390056347","https://openalex.org/W4390580057","https://openalex.org/W4392681182","https://openalex.org/W4405017039","https://openalex.org/W4407142724","https://openalex.org/W4408011739","https://openalex.org/W4408319685","https://openalex.org/W4408362004","https://openalex.org/W4409051081","https://openalex.org/W4409750264","https://openalex.org/W4410249039","https://openalex.org/W4410989476","https://openalex.org/W4411387430","https://openalex.org/W4411610361","https://openalex.org/W4417137706","https://openalex.org/W7128087942","https://openalex.org/W7135096569","https://openalex.org/W7155073974","https://openalex.org/W7164175995","https://openalex.org/W7166042508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7161288447","https://openalex.org/W7171613664","https://openalex.org/W7154971733","https://openalex.org/W7202018457","https://openalex.org/W7154959539","https://openalex.org/W4409517313","https://openalex.org/W7212354635","https://openalex.org/W7221796195","https://openalex.org/W7204581391","https://openalex.org/W7224619722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Firms":[1],"increasingly":[2],"depend":[3],"on":[4,75],"a":[5,32,47,93,104,108,117,162,186,216,224],"small":[6],"number":[7],"of":[8,130],"external":[9],"providers":[10],"for":[11,226],"artificial":[12],"intelligence":[13],"(AI)":[14],"models,":[15],"yet":[16],"that":[17],"dependence":[18,68,167,170,194,199],"is":[19,64,171,200],"not":[20,209],"only":[21,210],"imposed":[22,211],"by":[23,31],"supplier":[24],"concentration;":[25],"it":[26,73],"can":[27,57],"also":[28,134,160],"be":[29],"reproduced":[30,173,181,201],"firm\u2019s":[33,48],"own":[34,207],"technology-integration":[35],"decisions.":[36],"This":[37,62],"paper":[38,63,113,191],"aims":[39],"to":[40,50,91,196],"examine":[41],"how":[42],"provider-specific":[43],"integration":[44,115,124],"progressively":[45],"erodes":[46],"ability":[49],"switch":[51],"providers,":[52],"and":[53,80,87,95,107,152,215,222,228],"what":[54],"company":[55],"leadership":[56],"do":[58],"about":[59],"it.":[60],"Design/methodology/approach":[61],"conceptual.":[65],"Using":[66],"resource":[67,166,193],"theory":[69,195],"as":[70],"its":[71,206],"base,":[72],"draws":[74],"transaction":[76],"cost":[77,129],"economics,":[78],"modularity":[79],"real":[81],"options":[82],"reasoning,":[83],"organisational":[84,97,141,175],"routines":[85],"theory,":[86],"the":[88,128,158,203],"attention-based":[89],"view":[90],"develop":[92],"mechanism":[94],"an":[96,140],"capability,":[98],"formalised":[99],"in":[100,120,165],"four":[101],"core":[102],"propositions,":[103],"typology":[105,214],"matrix":[106],"remedy":[109,217],"audit.":[110],"Findings":[111],"The":[112,190],"develops":[114],"drift,":[116],"reinforcing":[118],"process":[119],"which":[121],"locally":[122],"rational":[123],"decisions":[125],"cumulatively":[126],"raise":[127],"switching":[131],"providers.":[132],"It":[133],"introduces":[135],"architectural":[136],"hedging":[137],"capacity":[138,183],"(AHC),":[139],"capability":[142],"enacted":[143],"through":[144,174,205],"three":[145],"recurring":[146],"routines:":[147],"governance-enforced":[148],"modularity,":[149],"rehearsed":[150],"recalibration":[151],"sustained":[153],"managerial":[154],"attention.":[155],"And":[156],"lastly,":[157],"argument":[159],"identifies":[161],"boundary":[163],"condition":[164],"theory:":[168],"where":[169,198],"continuously":[172,180],"integration,":[176],"maintaining":[177],"autonomy":[178],"requires":[179],"exit":[182],"rather":[184],"than":[185],"one-time":[187],"remedy.":[188],"Originality/value":[189],"extends":[192],"settings":[197],"inside":[202],"firm":[204],"architecture,":[208],"externally.":[212],"A":[213],"audit":[218],"checklist":[219],"give":[220],"boards":[221],"managers":[223],"diagnostic":[225],"assessing":[227],"managing":[229],"AI-provider":[230],"dependence.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-09T00:00:00"}
