{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225567835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2026.75.11.2987","title":"Guard-Aware Trajectory Candidate Selection for Vision-Language Autonomous Driving: Safety-Constrained Chain-of-Causation","display_name":"Guard-Aware Trajectory Candidate Selection for Vision-Language Autonomous Driving: Safety-Constrained Chain-of-Causation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225567835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2026.75.11.2987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5370/kiee.2026.75.11.2987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2026.75.11.2987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2026.75.11.2987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764620966","display_name":"The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers","issn_l":"1975-8359","issn":["1975-8359","2287-4364"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697825","host_organization_name":"Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411988","display_name":"Jinhyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-6938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-6938"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Hyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100411988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"11","first_page":"2987","last_page":"3005"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.4634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.4634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.18029999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.11900000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-driving","display_name":"autonomous driving","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision-language-models","display_name":"vision-language models","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-chains","display_name":"causal chains","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-constraints","display_name":"safety constraints","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violation-rates","display_name":"violation rates","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-rank-adaptation","display_name":"low-rank adaptation","score":0.699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.7228000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6114000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5570999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4772000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.24060000479221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2298000007867813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93959086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345","display_name":"Model selection","level":2,"score":0.2249000072479248}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5370/kiee.2026.75.11.2987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2026.75.11.2987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2026.75.11.2987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764620966","display_name":"The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers","issn_l":"1975-8359","issn":["1975-8359","2287-4364"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697825","host_organization_name":"Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7212078407","https://openalex.org/W7213534043","https://openalex.org/W7220844589","https://openalex.org/W7223136596","https://openalex.org/W7159789443","https://openalex.org/W7223821994","https://openalex.org/W3013594426","https://openalex.org/W7212057018","https://openalex.org/W7220902711","https://openalex.org/W7148953313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driving":[0],"VLMs":[1],"use":[2],"Chain-of-Causation":[3],"(CoC)":[4],"to":[5,8,90],"link":[6],"scenes":[7],"behavior,":[9],"but":[10],"CoC":[11],"may":[12],"omit":[13],"when":[14],"a":[15,24,38,88],"trajectory":[16,43,125],"is":[17],"executable.":[18],"We":[19],"propose":[20],"Safety-Constrained":[21],"CoC,":[22,40],"appending":[23],"natural-language":[25],"guard":[26,66,89],"with":[27,57,78],"activation,":[28],"invariant,":[29],"bound,":[30],"prohibition,":[31],"release,":[32],"fallback,":[33],"and":[34,42,72,95,108,114],"termination":[35],"clauses.":[36],"Given":[37],"scene,":[39,70],"guard,":[41],"candidates,":[44],"the":[45,58,65,69,81],"model":[46],"selects":[47],"one":[48],"candidate;":[49],"an":[50],"external":[51],"deterministic":[52],"verifier":[53],"compares":[54],"its":[55],"measurements":[56],"guard.":[59],"Our":[60],"paired-contract":[61],"benchmark":[62],"changes":[63],"only":[64],"while":[67,92],"fixing":[68],"objective,":[71],"candidates.":[73],"In":[74],"three-seed":[75],"temporal":[76],"tests":[77],"LoRA-tuned":[79],"Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct,":[80],"violation":[82,106],"rate":[83],"decreased":[84],"from":[85],"0.319":[86],"without":[87],"0.000,":[91],"compliant":[93],"completion":[94],"paired":[96,109],"accuracy":[97,110],"reached":[98],"1.000.":[99],"For":[100],"unseen":[101],"time":[102],"values,":[103],"candidate":[104,121],"accuracy,":[105],"rate,":[107],"were":[111],"0.635,":[112],"0.351,":[113],"0.306.":[115],"The":[116],"results":[117],"support":[118],"guard-conditioned":[119],"synthetic":[120],"selection,":[122],"not":[123],"continuous":[124],"generation":[126],"or":[127],"vehicle-level":[128],"safety.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-09T00:00:00"}
