{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225567791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231","title":"From inundation rasters to draft action briefs: integrating spatial computing and LLM agents for urban waterlogging emergency decision support","display_name":"From inundation rasters to draft action briefs: integrating spatial computing and LLM agents for urban waterlogging emergency decision support","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225567791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014040772","display_name":"Shuai Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-3330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-3330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geoinformatics, Zhejiang University of Technology","Zhejiang-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory on Spatio-Temporal Intelligence and Sustainable Development"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geoinformatics, Zhejiang University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory on Spatio-Temporal Intelligence and Sustainable Development","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161287353","display_name":"Jie Shen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005229725","display_name":"Christophe Lienert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5364-7404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5364-7404"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150162","display_name":"Federal Office for the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04t48sm91","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150162"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Lienert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Steering Committee on Intervention in Natural Hazards LAINAT, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Steering Committee on Intervention in Natural Hazards LAINAT, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150162"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330012","display_name":"Xi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-0733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-0733"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geoinformatics, Zhejiang University of Technology","Zhejiang-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory on Spatio-Temporal Intelligence and Sustainable Development"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geoinformatics, Zhejiang University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory on Spatio-Temporal Intelligence and Sustainable Development","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059531385","display_name":"Akhylbek Kazhigulovich Kurishbayev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0568-5964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0568-5964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111563","display_name":"National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/01rwphz66","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111563"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akhylbek Kurishbayev","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Academy of Sciences under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan","Zhejiang-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory on Spatio-Temporal Intelligence and Sustainable Development"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Academy of Sciences under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111563"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory on Spatio-Temporal Intelligence and Sustainable Development","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100321104","display_name":"Tie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6879-4818","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6879-4818"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geoinformatics, Zhejiang University of Technology","Zhejiang-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory on Spatio-Temporal Intelligence and Sustainable Development"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geoinformatics, Zhejiang University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory on Spatio-Temporal Intelligence and Sustainable Development","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123609279","display_name":"Duman Imanmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5416-0832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5416-0832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128817","display_name":"Kazakh National Agrarian Research University","ror":"https://ror.org/033cvvt68","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128817"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duman Imanmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kazakh National Agrarian Research University","Zhejiang-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory on Spatio-Temporal Intelligence and Sustainable Development"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kazakh National Agrarian Research University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128817"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory on Spatio-Temporal Intelligence and Sustainable Development","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100330012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14427","display_name":"Environmental Monitoring and Data Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-waterlogging","display_name":"urban waterlogging","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-inundation-mapping","display_name":"flood inundation mapping","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llm-based-agents","display_name":"LLM agents","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-systems","display_name":"multi-agent systems","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrieval-augmented-generation","display_name":"retrieval-augmented generation","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-depth-estimation","display_name":"water depth estimation","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-accessibility","display_name":"road accessibility","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evacuation-planning","display_name":"evacuation planning","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"resource allocation","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency-planning","display_name":"contingency planning","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation-data-integration","display_name":"Earth observation data integration","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5382999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.43540000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780416260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063","display_name":"JSON","level":2,"score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116394254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278934","display_name":"Shapefile","level":3,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109364679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918779","display_name":"Geoinformatics","level":2,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75145180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q772007","display_name":"Georeference","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168781493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80585","display_name":"Associative array","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170431","display_name":"Resampling","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017997152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814610","display_name":"Emergency response","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181672929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115141","display_name":"Digital mapping","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:90026f082a20415991dad3bd37b7b162","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/90026f082a20415991dad3bd37b7b162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 19, Iss 2 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2026.2749231?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8787999749183655,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1471190661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022TSYCLJ0056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1495517074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HZXM20225001MI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322434","funder_display_name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2535348771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42230708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3254799610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42371444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4353393328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HZXM20225001MI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4401962789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021XJKK1300/2021XJKK1400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5287218622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021XJKK1400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322434","display_name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225567791.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225567791.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030490025","https://openalex.org/W2593388048","https://openalex.org/W2945377681","https://openalex.org/W2982441053","https://openalex.org/W3003285143","https://openalex.org/W3003923526","https://openalex.org/W3016585425","https://openalex.org/W3038030066","https://openalex.org/W3091948139","https://openalex.org/W3190581971","https://openalex.org/W3197374825","https://openalex.org/W3206403463","https://openalex.org/W4212987624","https://openalex.org/W4282913678","https://openalex.org/W4306784304","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4367298578","https://openalex.org/W4388383263","https://openalex.org/W4388616070","https://openalex.org/W4394681071","https://openalex.org/W4408973976","https://openalex.org/W4413814635","https://openalex.org/W4415240578","https://openalex.org/W4416087260","https://openalex.org/W7129076961","https://openalex.org/W7144320639","https://openalex.org/W7154723184","https://openalex.org/W7155200989","https://openalex.org/W7160906879","https://openalex.org/W7161626638"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408510470","https://openalex.org/W7134814343","https://openalex.org/W7155223640","https://openalex.org/W6903909842","https://openalex.org/W7223328315","https://openalex.org/W3134741287","https://openalex.org/W7162112680","https://openalex.org/W7214066646","https://openalex.org/W4415240578","https://openalex.org/W4403102674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extreme":[0],"urban":[1],"waterlogging":[2],"poses":[3],"substantial":[4],"challenges":[5],"to":[6,82,98,103,180],"response":[7,153],"systems":[8],"because":[9],"inundation":[10,57],"mapping,":[11],"accessibility":[12],"assessment,":[13],"and":[14,34,59,108,122,135,151,158,169,184],"resource":[15],"instructions":[16],"are":[17],"often":[18],"generated":[19,133],"through":[20,128],"separate":[21,173],"workflows.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"presents":[25],"MAEDF-UW,":[26],"a":[27,39,53,60,74,99,119],"decision-support":[28],"framework":[29,163],"integrating":[30],"event-specific":[31,148],"Earth":[32],"observation":[33],"deterministic":[35],"spatial":[36,114,149],"computation":[37],"with":[38,124],"large":[40],"language":[41],"model":[42],"(LLM)-based":[43],"multi-agent":[44],"layer.":[45],"For":[46],"the":[47,80,182,188],"20":[48],"July":[49],"2021":[50],"Zhengzhou":[51],"rainstorm,":[52],"5":[54,85],"m":[55,63,86],"GF-3":[56],"footprint":[58],"native":[61],"12.5":[62],"ALOS":[64],"PALSAR":[65],"DEM":[66,81],"were":[67,71,96,116],"used.":[68],"Water":[69],"depths":[70],"estimated":[72],"under":[73],"local":[75,125,152],"hydrostatic":[76],"assumption":[77],"after":[78],"resampling":[79],"an":[83],"aligned":[84],"grid":[87],"without":[88],"introducing":[89],"additional":[90],"topographic":[91],"information.":[92],"Operational":[93],"depth":[94],"thresholds":[95],"applied":[97],"directed":[100],"road":[101,106],"graph":[102],"identify":[104],"inaccessible":[105],"segments":[107],"modelled":[109],"rescue":[110],"islands.":[111],"The":[112,143,161],"resulting":[113],"facts":[115],"encoded":[117],"in":[118],"structured":[120],"dictionary":[121],"combined":[123],"contingency-plan":[126],"rules":[127,154],"retrieval-augmented":[129],"agents.":[130],"These":[131],"agents":[132],"schema-":[134],"rule-checked":[136],"JSON":[137],"action":[138],"briefs":[139],"for":[140],"human":[141],"review.":[142],"case":[144],"analysis":[145],"illustrated":[146],"how":[147],"evidence":[150],"informed":[155],"draft":[156],"evacuation":[157],"resource-allocation":[159],"instructions.":[160],"evaluation":[162],"treats":[164],"instruction":[165],"consistency,":[166],"spatial-input":[167],"accuracy":[168],"processing":[170],"latency":[171],"as":[172],"dimensions.":[174],"Independent":[175],"validation":[176],"is":[177],"still":[178],"needed":[179],"establish":[181],"performance":[183],"operational":[185],"effectiveness":[186],"of":[187],"full":[189],"workflow.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-09T00:00:00"}
