{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225567606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2026.2756428","title":"A robust location-routing model with self-service lockers and micro-hubs for last-mile logistics under uncertainty","display_name":"A robust location-routing model with self-service lockers and micro-hubs for last-mile logistics under uncertainty","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225567606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2026.2756428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01605682.2026.2756428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2026.2756428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2026.2756428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034318690","display_name":"Fang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-8015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-8015"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Zhengzhou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161265069","display_name":"Jingfu Liang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingfu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Zhengzhou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161273455","display_name":"Tianqi Gao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianqi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Zhengzhou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161263292","display_name":"Xiaofan Ding","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Zhengzhou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053198487","display_name":"Zhihong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-2652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-2652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhihong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Zhengzhou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053198487"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.698199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.698199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.3005000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/last-mile-delivery","display_name":"last-mile delivery","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-routing-problem","display_name":"location-routing problem","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-hubs","display_name":"micro-hubs","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"vehicle routing","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-uncertainty","display_name":"demand uncertainty","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facility-location","display_name":"facility location","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tabu-search","display_name":"tabu search","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-neighborhood-search","display_name":"variable neighborhood search","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-logistics","display_name":"rural logistics","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-commerce-logistics","display_name":"e-commerce logistics","score":0.6899999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.676800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6398000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.6208999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123370116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424540","display_name":"Tabu search","level":2,"score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181889124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380204","display_name":"Service level","level":2,"score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108005400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1305598","display_name":"Facility location problem","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776435737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915703","display_name":"Variable neighborhood search","level":3,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145760622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174915","display_name":"Variable cost","level":2,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984334869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060653","display_name":"Customer service","level":3,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140781008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221081","display_name":"Service quality","level":3,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778047078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82299449","display_name":"Tardiness","level":4,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50601946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q962928","display_name":"Stockout","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093282","display_name":"Unavailability","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42866809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466764","display_name":"Fixed cost","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192365026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046829","display_name":"Holding cost","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44104985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492886","display_name":"Supply chain management","level":3,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Economies of scale","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164624739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754331","display_name":"Activity-based costing","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191511416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999278","display_name":"Customer satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777364431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140813","display_name":"Willingness to pay","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01605682.2026.2756428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2026.2756428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2026.2756428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.5142999887466431,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965108988","https://openalex.org/W1976155842","https://openalex.org/W2059825934","https://openalex.org/W2061594253","https://openalex.org/W2099011086","https://openalex.org/W2118578357","https://openalex.org/W2134531991","https://openalex.org/W2327951994","https://openalex.org/W3108345723","https://openalex.org/W3128338320","https://openalex.org/W3134709657","https://openalex.org/W3168592082","https://openalex.org/W3215382337","https://openalex.org/W4283662483","https://openalex.org/W4298132835","https://openalex.org/W4307565344","https://openalex.org/W4320477371","https://openalex.org/W4372232527","https://openalex.org/W4389118309","https://openalex.org/W4391482542","https://openalex.org/W4391543657","https://openalex.org/W4392011277","https://openalex.org/W4395013732","https://openalex.org/W4396601968","https://openalex.org/W4400298836","https://openalex.org/W4401537609","https://openalex.org/W4402634091","https://openalex.org/W4402908664","https://openalex.org/W4403114802","https://openalex.org/W4404025841","https://openalex.org/W4405941791","https://openalex.org/W4405992016","https://openalex.org/W4406824975","https://openalex.org/W4407255816","https://openalex.org/W4408447655","https://openalex.org/W4408617653","https://openalex.org/W4409375125","https://openalex.org/W4409457811","https://openalex.org/W4409623120","https://openalex.org/W4410779320","https://openalex.org/W4412417068","https://openalex.org/W4412701070","https://openalex.org/W4412928067","https://openalex.org/W4416388382","https://openalex.org/W7150902352","https://openalex.org/W7155499032","https://openalex.org/W7161945821","https://openalex.org/W7161998206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309268567","https://openalex.org/W4323311276","https://openalex.org/W4392876833","https://openalex.org/W4407938939","https://openalex.org/W2891575937","https://openalex.org/W4417507951","https://openalex.org/W7160023681","https://openalex.org/W7213994691","https://openalex.org/W2588871316","https://openalex.org/W4407036777"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,45,119],"rapid":[1],"expansion":[2],"of":[3],"e-commerce":[4],"has":[5],"increased":[6],"the":[7,27,146],"need":[8],"for":[9,59],"cost-effective":[10],"last-mile":[11],"delivery,":[12],"particularly":[13],"in":[14,157],"regions":[15],"with":[16,31,128],"fragmented":[17],"demand.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20,156],"develops":[21],"a":[22,72,82],"robust":[23,74],"location-routeing":[24],"model,":[25],"termed":[26],"Vehicle":[28],"Routeing":[29],"Problem":[30],"Self-Service":[32],"Parcel":[33],"Lockers":[34],"and":[35,42,54,62,91,101,111,133,151,164],"Micro-Hub":[36],"Locations":[37],"(VRP-SPMH),":[38],"integrating":[39],"self-pickup":[40],"service":[41,52],"en-route":[43],"replenishment.":[44],"model":[46],"jointly":[47],"determines":[48],"facility":[49,64],"locations,":[50],"customer":[51,60],"modes,":[53],"vehicle":[55],"routes":[56],"while":[57,76],"accounting":[58],"willingness":[61],"finite":[63],"capacities.":[65],"Parcel-locker":[66],"operating-cost":[67],"uncertainty":[68,78],"is":[69,79],"modelled":[70],"using":[71],"multi-interval":[73],"formulation,":[75],"demand":[77,89],"addressed":[80],"through":[81],"protected-demand":[83],"extension.":[84],"Additional":[85],"sensitivity":[86],"analyses":[87],"examine":[88],"scale":[90],"travel-time":[92],"variation.":[93],"Tailored":[94],"hybrid":[95],"heuristics":[96],"based":[97],"on":[98],"tabu":[99],"search":[100],"modified":[102],"Clarke-Wright":[103],"savings":[104],"are":[105],"developed.":[106],"Computational":[107],"experiments":[108],"include":[109],"ablation":[110],"an":[112],"independent":[113],"Variable":[114],"Neighbourhood":[115],"Search":[116],"(VNS)":[117],"benchmark.":[118],"proposed":[120],"heuristic":[121],"achieves":[122],"solution":[123],"quality":[124],"close":[125],"to":[126,173],"VNS":[127],"substantially":[129],"less":[130],"computational":[131],"effort":[132],"reaches":[134],"competitive":[135],"solutions":[136],"earlier":[137],"under":[138],"short-to-medium":[139],"time":[140],"budgets.":[141],"Out-of-sample":[142],"tests":[143],"further":[144],"reveal":[145],"trade-off":[147],"between":[148],"nominal":[149],"cost":[150,169],"robustness.":[152],"A":[153],"rural":[154],"case":[155],"China":[158],"shows":[159],"that":[160],"coordinating":[161],"parcel":[162],"lockers":[163],"micro-hubs":[165],"reduces":[166],"total":[167],"operating":[168],"by":[170],"7.82%":[171],"relative":[172],"traditional":[174],"home":[175],"delivery.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-09T00:00:00"}