{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225565283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32479/tp.25351","title":"Regulating Generative Artificial Intelligence Travel Agents to Protect Tourist Consumers from Algorithmic Misinformation","display_name":"Regulating Generative Artificial Intelligence Travel Agents to Protect Tourist Consumers from Algorithmic Misinformation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225565283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32479/tp.25351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32479/tp.25351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32479/tp.25351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32479/tp.25351","pdf_url":"https://www.econjournals.net.tr/index.php/tp/article/download/25351/10554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407062961","display_name":"Tourism Policy","issn_l":"3149-8167","issn":["3149-8167"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318345","host_organization_name":"EconJournals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318345"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EconJournals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.econjournals.net.tr/index.php/tp/article/download/25351/10554","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036263561","display_name":"Muddassar Sarfraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-732X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-732X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138564716","display_name":"Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d64na34","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muddassar Sarfraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business Administration, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business Administration, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036263561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"9","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.7705000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.7705000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.1256999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.03530000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-regulation","display_name":"AI regulation","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-acceptance-of-ai","display_name":"consumer acceptance of AI","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disclosure-requirements","display_name":"disclosure requirements","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-ai-regulation","display_name":"EU AI regulation","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation-detection","display_name":"misinformation detection","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factual-reliability","display_name":"factual reliability","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.8252000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.5985000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3792000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96405632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128416","display_name":"Consumer confidence index","level":2,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23213687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301468","display_name":"Consumer behaviour","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779955035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4686785","display_name":"Advice (programming)","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127454912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost\u2013benefit analysis","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32479/tp.25351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32479/tp.25351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32479/tp.25351","pdf_url":"https://www.econjournals.net.tr/index.php/tp/article/download/25351/10554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407062961","display_name":"Tourism Policy","issn_l":"3149-8167","issn":["3149-8167"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318345","host_organization_name":"EconJournals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318345"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EconJournals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32479/tp.25351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32479/tp.25351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32479/tp.25351","pdf_url":"https://www.econjournals.net.tr/index.php/tp/article/download/25351/10554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407062961","display_name":"Tourism Policy","issn_l":"3149-8167","issn":["3149-8167"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318345","host_organization_name":"EconJournals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318345"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EconJournals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225565283.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225565283.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164838099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390984237","https://openalex.org/W7224113183","https://openalex.org/W4413780565","https://openalex.org/W7212448338","https://openalex.org/W7124431982","https://openalex.org/W7165654177","https://openalex.org/W7155528448","https://openalex.org/W7213447258","https://openalex.org/W4416009940","https://openalex.org/W7223811466"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Useful":[0],"advice":[1],"together":[2],"with":[3,18,56,83,134,216,254],"plausible":[4],"inaccuracies":[5],"\u2013":[6],"the":[7,41,44,61,81,117,152,159,162,168,174,188,198,249],"protection":[8],"offered":[9],"by":[10,43],"disclosure":[11,217],"and":[12,36,47,136,170,197,210,231,257],"consumer":[13],"choice":[14],"are":[15,229],"in":[16,34,80,116],"question":[17],"generative":[19],"AI":[20,76,112,163],"travel":[21,78,114,175],"agents.":[22],"This":[23],"research":[24],"combines":[25],"a":[26,30,37,84,93,201,220],"secondary":[27],"analysis":[28,39],"of":[29,40,75,88,106,154,158,161,173,182,190,194,200,222,226,251],"public":[31],"survey":[32],"published":[33],"2023":[35],"targeted":[38],"regulation":[42],"European":[45],"Union":[46],"United":[48],"Kingdom.":[49],"The":[50,124,177],"data":[51],"set":[52],"has":[53,164],"900":[54],"consumers":[55],"886":[57],"complete":[58],"cases":[59],"for":[60,77,113,139],"adjusted":[62],"models.":[63],"Futurismo":[64],"asked":[65],"224":[66],"people":[67],"to":[68,72,99,132,187],"indicate":[69],"their":[70],"willingness":[71],"make":[73],"use":[74,111],"planning":[79,115],"future,":[82],"mean":[85],"perceived":[86],"score":[87],"at":[89],"least":[90],"4":[91],"on":[92],"five-point":[94],"scale,":[95],"which":[96],"is":[97],"considered":[98,214],"represent":[100],"moderate":[101],"or":[102,151],"high":[103],"likelihood;":[104],"58":[105],"these":[107,195],"said":[108],"they":[109,233,238],"would":[110],"future":[118],"(25.9%":[119],"[95%":[120],"confidence":[121],"interval":[122],"20.6\u201332.0%]).":[123],"standardized":[125],"risk\u2013intention":[126],"association":[127],"was":[128],"shifted":[129],"from":[130,167],"0.181":[131],"\u22120.049,":[133],"experience":[135],"related":[137],"perceptions":[138],"acceptance":[140],"being":[141],"controlled.":[142],"Such":[143],"observational":[144],"estimates":[145],"do":[146],"not":[147],"provide":[148],"misinformation":[149],"detection":[150],"effectiveness":[153],"warnings.":[155],"Legal":[156],"evaluation":[157,225],"origin":[160],"been":[165],"separated":[166],"accuracy":[169],"commercial":[171],"presentation":[172],"advice.":[176],"paper":[178],"recommends":[179],"proportional":[180],"verification":[181],"consequential":[183],"claims,":[184],"confirmation":[185],"prior":[186],"making":[189],"financial":[191],"commitments,":[192],"correction":[193],"claims":[196],"existence":[199],"clearly-defined":[202],"trader":[203],"who":[204],"can":[205,234,239],"handle":[206],"complaints.":[207],"Factual":[208,242],"reliability":[209,256],"recoverability":[211],"should":[212,244],"be":[213,235,240,245],"along":[215,253],"compliance":[218],"as":[219],"component":[221],"tourism":[223],"authorities'":[224],"whether":[227],"safeguards":[228],"factual":[230,255],"how":[232],"recovered,":[236],"before":[237,248],"implemented.":[241],"testing":[243],"carried":[246],"out":[247],"implementation":[250],"safeguards,":[252],"recoverability.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-09T00:00:00"}