{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225564752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24049215","title":"**Phoroatmometallurgy: A New Branch of Extractive Metallurgy Utilizing Endogenous Metallizing Tran","display_name":"**Phoroatmometallurgy: A New Branch of Extractive Metallurgy Utilizing Endogenous Metallizing Tran","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225564752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24049215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24049215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24049215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24049215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24049215","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118843517","display_name":"Sudhakar Geruganti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0039-7536","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0039-7536"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"geruganti, sudhakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["PROFESSOR IN ENGINEERING COLLEGE AND PHD RESEARCH SCHOLAR"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0039-7536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PROFESSOR IN ENGINEERING COLLEGE AND PHD RESEARCH SCHOLAR","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5118843517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.06040000170469284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11947","display_name":"Molten salt chemistry and electrochemical processes","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-purification","display_name":"metal purification","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rare-earth-elements","display_name":"rare earth elements","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-metals","display_name":"battery metals","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractory-alloys","display_name":"refractory alloys","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrometallurgy","display_name":"pyrometallurgy","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrometallurgy","display_name":"hydrometallurgy","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrometallurgy","display_name":"electrometallurgy","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-metals","display_name":"critical metals","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11847115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2084299","display_name":"Extractive metallurgy","level":2,"score":0.8098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152977038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372081","display_name":"Pyrometallurgy","level":3,"score":0.8008000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193341735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2988941","display_name":"Metallizing","level":3,"score":0.7682999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.6133999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172816927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640302","display_name":"Hydrometallurgy","level":3,"score":0.548799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4749000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180088628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069404","display_name":"Chemical-mechanical planarization","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95627916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428932","display_name":"Refractory metals","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170573351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364904","display_name":"Petrochemical","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778809601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045736","display_name":"Passivity","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7794659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726605","display_name":"Powder metallurgy","level":3,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12404463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207652","display_name":"Chemical industry","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.2587999999523163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24049215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24049215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24049215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24049216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24049216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24049216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24049215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24049215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24049215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5171999931335449}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7225565951","https://openalex.org/W7225572272","https://openalex.org/W7225597367","https://openalex.org/W2071339978","https://openalex.org/W2052284614","https://openalex.org/W4255132714","https://openalex.org/W4249651399","https://openalex.org/W7155380248","https://openalex.org/W4412946987","https://openalex.org/W2606946454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"**Phoroatmometallurgy:":[0],"A":[1,53,319,336],"New":[2],"Branch":[3],"of":[4,20,75,90,109,156,189,241,249,272,330,413,480,488,554,562,610],"Extractive":[5,76],"Metallurgy":[6],"Utilizing":[7,505],"Endogenous":[8,80],"Metallizing":[9,81,221],"Transient":[10,58,82,222],"Chemical":[11,83,223],"Transport":[12,84,224,350],"(EMTCT)**":[13],"**Author:**":[14],"Geruganti":[15,152],"Sudhakar":[16,153],"**Affiliation:**":[17],"Faculty,":[18],"Department":[19,155],"Metallurgical":[21,157],"and":[22,36,40,49,61,103,142,158,167,179,195,287,298,453,529,543,556,564,606],"Materials":[23,159],"Engineering,":[24,160],"RGUKT":[25,161],"IIIT":[26,162],"Basar,":[27,163],"Telangana,":[28,164],"India.":[29],"###":[30,78,119],"Alternative":[31],"Titles1.":[32],"**Beyond":[33],"Pyro-,":[34],"Hydro-,":[35,281],"Electrometallurgy:":[37],"Introducing":[38],"Phoroatmometallurgy":[39,70,183,316,323,414],"the":[41,50,72,87,106,174,187,228,238,261,292,299,327,356,375,393,395,411,429,448,469,477,497,538,552,565,577,607,615],"EMTCT":[42,51,494],"Paradigm":[43,267],"for":[44,56,105,275,302,496,551,614],"High-Purity":[45],"Metal":[46],"Extraction**2.":[47],"**Phoroatmometallurgy":[48],"Technique:":[52],"Unified":[54],"Framework":[55],"Vapor-Phase":[57],"Carrier":[59,334],"Extraction":[60],"Refining**3.":[62],"**From":[63],"Sacrificial":[64],"Fluxes":[65],"to":[66,322,392,436,458,509,526,583,600],"Volatile":[67],"Carriers:":[68],"Establishing":[69],"as":[71,86,186,237,401,428,434,447,455,468,473],"Fourth":[73],"Pillar":[74],"Metallurgy**":[77],"Subtitle*Formalizing":[79],"(EMTCT)":[85],"foundational":[88],"technique":[89,213,567],"Phoroatmometallurgy,":[91],"validated":[92],"through":[93,198],"historical":[94,417],"vapor-phase":[95],"processes":[96],"(Mond,":[97],"Van":[98],"Arkel\u2013de":[99,443],"Boer,":[100],"Matte":[101],"Converting)":[102],"proposed":[104],"sustainable":[107],"extraction":[108,194,212],"critical":[110,303,611],"metals":[111,304,612],"(Rare":[112],"Earths,":[113],"Battery":[114],"Metals,":[115],"Refractory":[116],"Alloys).*":[117],"---":[118],"Detailed":[120],"Description":[121],"**Overview:**For":[122],"over":[123],"a":[124,169,231,247,310,362,402,569,595],"century,":[125],"extractive":[126,573],"metallurgy":[127,190],"has":[128],"been":[129],"categorized":[130],"into":[131],"three":[132],"classical":[133],"branches:":[134],"Pyrometallurgy":[135],"(using":[136,139,144],"heat),":[137],"Hydrometallurgy":[138],"aqueous":[140],"solutions),":[141],"Electrometallurgy":[143],"electrical":[145],"current).":[146],"This":[147],"research":[148],"paper,":[149],"authored":[150],"by":[151,415],"(Faculty,":[154],"India),":[165],"proposes":[166],"formalizes":[168],"**fourth":[170],"pillar**:":[171],"**Phoroatmometallurgy**":[172,563],"(from":[173],"Greek":[175],"*phoros*,":[176],"meaning":[177,181],"\"carrier,\"":[178],"*atmos*,":[180],"\"vapor\").":[182],"is":[184,219,313,341,390,398],"defined":[185],"branch":[188,217],"that":[191,214,252],"achieves":[192],"metal":[193,357,377,389],"ultra-high":[196,602],"purification":[197],"reversible,":[199],"gas-phase":[200],"chemical":[201,250,547],"carriers":[202],"rather":[203],"than":[204],"heat,":[205],"water,":[206],"or":[207,338,358,366,404,482,512,524],"sacrificial":[208,285],"fluxes.":[209],"The":[210,353,371,408,490],"underlying":[211],"makes":[215],"this":[216,588],"possible":[218],"**Endogenous":[220,369],"(EMTCT)**.":[225],"In":[226],"EMTCT,":[227],"target":[229,376],"metal\u2014or":[230],"transient":[232,430,470],"compound":[233,340],"formed":[234,342],"from":[235,255,514,531,580],"it\u2014acts":[236],"active":[239],"agent":[240,397],"its":[242,379],"own":[243],"purification.":[244],"It":[245,575],"undergoes":[246],"cycle":[248],"transport":[251,508,549],"separates":[253],"it":[254,259,325],"impurities":[256,516],"while":[257],"enriching":[258],"in":[260,378,537,572],"final":[262],"product.":[263],"**Key":[264],"Themes":[265],"&":[266,317],"Shifts:**":[268],"-":[269],"**The":[270,423],"Failure":[271],"Classical":[273],"Paradigms":[274],"Critical":[276],"Metals:**":[277],"Traditional":[278],"methods":[279],"(Pyro-,":[280],"Electro-)":[282],"rely":[283],"on":[284,361],"reagents":[286],"generate":[288],"massive":[289],"waste.":[290],"As":[291],"industry":[293],"faces":[294],"complex":[295],"polymetallic":[296],"ores":[297],"urgent":[300],"demand":[301],"(Li,":[305],"Co,":[306],"Ni,":[307],"Rare":[308],"Earths),":[309],"new":[311,493,597],"toolkit":[312],"required.-":[314],"**Defining":[315],"EMTCT:**":[318],"process":[320],"belongs":[321],"if":[324],"meets":[326],"four":[328],"pillars":[329],"EMTCT:":[331,421],"1.":[332],"**Transient":[333],"Formation:**":[335],"gaseous":[337],"volatile":[339],"(e.g.,":[343],"carbonyl,":[344],"halide,":[345],"sulfide":[346],"derivative).":[347],"2.":[348],"**Chemical":[349],"(Vapor":[351],"Phase):**":[352],"carrier":[354,372,396],"moves":[355],"impurity":[359],"based":[360],"thermodynamic":[363],"gradient":[364],"(temperature":[365],"pressure).":[367],"3.":[368],"Metallization:**":[370],"decomposes,":[373],"depositing":[374],"zero-valent,":[380],"pure":[381,439],"state.":[382],"4.":[383],"**Enrichment":[384],"without":[385],"Sacrifice:**":[386],"No":[387],"external":[388],"sacrificed":[391],"slag;":[394],"either":[399],"expelled":[400,472],"gas":[403],"recycled.-":[405],"**Retrospective":[406],"Validation:**":[407],"paper":[409,491],"proves":[410],"validity":[412],"reclassifying":[416],"industrial":[418,578],"successes":[419],"under":[420],"*":[422,441,463,500,519,541],"Mond":[424],"Process:**":[425],"CO":[426,523],"acts":[427,446,467],"carrier,":[431,449,471],"transporting":[432,450],"Ni":[433,530],"\\(Ni(CO)_4\\)":[435],"deposit":[437,459],"99.99%":[438],"nickel.":[440],"**Van":[442],"Boer:**":[444],"Iodine":[445],"Ti,":[451],"Zr,":[452],"Hf":[454],"iodide":[456],"vapors":[457],"crystal-bar":[460],"purity":[461],"metal.":[462],"**Matte":[464],"Converting:**":[465],"Sulfur":[466],"\\(SO_2\\)":[474],"gas,":[475],"driving":[476],"endogenous":[478],"reduction":[479],"copper":[481],"nickel.-":[483],"**Prospective":[484],"Application":[485],"(The":[486],"Future":[487],"Phoroatmometallurgy):**":[489],"engineers":[492],"techniques":[495],"21st":[498],"century:":[499],"**Rare":[501],"Earth":[502],"Elements":[503],"(REEs):**":[504],"high-temperature":[506],"halide":[507],"separate":[510],"Nd":[511],"Dy":[513],"radioactive":[515],"(Th,":[517],"U).":[518],"**Battery":[520],"Recycling:**":[521],"Using":[522],"halogens":[525],"volatilize":[527],"Co":[528],"spent":[532],"lithium-ion":[533],"batteries,":[534],"leaving":[535],"Li":[536],"solid":[539],"residue.":[540],"**Refractory":[542],"High-Entropy":[544],"Alloys:**":[545],"Engineering":[546],"vapor":[548],"reactors":[550],"ultra-purification":[553],"Ta":[555],"Nb":[557],"using":[558],"pentachlorides.":[559],"**Conclusion:**The":[560],"recognition":[561],"**EMTCT**":[566],"marks":[568],"fundamental":[570],"evolution":[571],"metallurgy.":[574],"shifts":[576],"paradigm":[579],"\"sacrificial":[581],"fluxing\"":[582],"\"transport-based":[584],"enrichment.\"":[585],"By":[586],"establishing":[587],"fourth":[589],"branch,":[590],"metallurgists":[591],"are":[592],"provided":[593],"with":[594],"powerful":[596],"design":[598],"framework":[599],"achieve":[601],"purity,":[603],"zero-liquid":[604],"discharge,":[605],"efficient":[608],"recovery":[609],"vital":[613],"renewable":[616],"energy":[617],"transition.":[618]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-09T00:00:00"}
