{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225538936","doi":null,"title":"Baseline Urinary Micronutrient, Neurotransmitter and Behavioural Profiles of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria","display_name":"Baseline Urinary Micronutrient, Neurotransmitter and Behavioural Profiles of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225538936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.www.nsbmb.org.ng:article/700","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nsbmb.org.ng/journals/index.php/index/article/view/700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296785","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","issn_l":"0189-4757","issn":["0189-4757","2659-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0189-4757","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nsbmb.org.ng/journals/index.php/index/article/view/700","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161174567","display_name":"Gift Okpanachi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Okpanachi, Gift","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161206266","display_name":"Yohanna Usman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman, Yohanna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161150004","display_name":"John Ihenacho","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ihenacho, John","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068078712","display_name":"Mariam Solomon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Solomon, Mariam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13393","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues","score":0.014499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba","display_name":"GABA","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba-glutamate-ratio","display_name":"GABA/glutamate ratio","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron","display_name":"iron","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium","display_name":"magnesium","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selenium","display_name":"selenium","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-element-deficiency","display_name":"trace element deficiency","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-behavior","display_name":"child behavior","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parent-reported-behavior","display_name":"parent-reported behavior","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jos-nigeria","display_name":"Jos, Nigeria","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-schools","display_name":"special schools","score":0.5329999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.8118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14522933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531507","display_name":"Micronutrient","level":2,"score":0.6502000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5473999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.5349000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40924","display_name":"Urine","level":2,"score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119060515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916617","display_name":"Interquartile range","level":2,"score":0.48989999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.31049999594688416}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.www.nsbmb.org.ng:article/700","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nsbmb.org.ng/journals/index.php/index/article/view/700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296785","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","issn_l":"0189-4757","issn":["0189-4757","2659-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0189-4757","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.www.nsbmb.org.ng:article/700","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nsbmb.org.ng/journals/index.php/index/article/view/700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296785","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","issn_l":"0189-4757","issn":["0189-4757","2659-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0189-4757","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9907000064849854,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417537006","https://openalex.org/W4386782380","https://openalex.org/W2402227961","https://openalex.org/W4389477370","https://openalex.org/W7153125471","https://openalex.org/W2591630902","https://openalex.org/W1977044032","https://openalex.org/W3012482262","https://openalex.org/W2914958849","https://openalex.org/W2836767872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evidence":[0],"describing":[1],"urinary":[2,24,70,175,206,243],"micronutrient":[3,25,71,218],"and":[4,26,29,72,93,103,124,130,168,177,183,208,231,245],"neurotransmitter":[5,27,73],"profiles":[6,28,222],"among":[7,33],"children":[8,34,56],"with":[9,35,57,67,111,188],"autism":[10],"spectrum":[11],"disorder":[12],"(ASD),":[13],"particularly":[14],"in":[15,37,77,139],"sub-Saharan":[16],"Africa,":[17],"remains":[18],"limited.":[19],"This":[20,40],"study":[21,53,202],"characterised":[22],"baseline":[23,42,69,205],"parent-reported":[30],"behavioural":[31,209],"characteristics":[32],"ASD":[36,58,215],"Jos,":[38],"Nigeria.":[39],"descriptive":[41,204],"analysis":[43],"formed":[44],"part":[45],"of":[46,193,227],"a":[47,189],"broader":[48],"three-point":[49],"longitudinal":[50],"repeated-measures":[51],"intervention":[52],"involving":[54],"42":[55],"recruited":[59],"from":[60,211],"three":[61],"special":[62],"education":[63],"schools.":[64],"Eight":[65],"participants":[66],"complete":[68],"data":[74,210],"were":[75,84,116,120,133,152,180],"included":[76],"the":[78,135,232],"present":[79],"analysis.":[80],"Spot":[81],"urine":[82],"samples":[83],"analysed":[85],"for":[86,101,156,161,166,172],"iron":[87],"(Fe),":[88],"zinc":[89],"(Zn),":[90],"magnesium":[91],"(Mg),":[92],"selenium":[94],"(Se)":[95],"using":[96,107,122],"Microwave":[97],"Plasma-Atomic":[98],"Emission":[99],"Spectrometry":[100],"glutamate":[102,176],"\u03b3-aminobutyric":[104],"acid":[105],"(GABA)":[106],"High-Performance":[108],"Liquid":[109],"Chromatography":[110],"fluorescence":[112],"detection.":[113],"Urinary":[114,127,217],"concentrations":[115,132,145,151,179],"not":[117],"creatinine-normalised.":[118],"Data":[119],"summarised":[121],"median":[123,190],"interquartile":[125],"range.":[126,148],"Fe,":[128,157],"Zn":[129],"Se":[131],"below":[134],"laboratory":[136],"reference":[137],"ranges":[138],"all":[140],"eight":[141],"participants,":[142],"whereas":[143],"Mg":[144,167],"remained":[146],"within":[147],"Median":[149,174],"(IQR)":[150],"1.255":[153],"(1.089-1.739)":[154],"ppm":[155,160,165,171],"0.528":[158],"(0.365-0.672)":[159],"Zn,":[162],"5.818":[163],"(5.290-6.116)":[164],"1.157":[169],"(1.114-1.209)":[170],"Se.":[173],"GABA":[178],"16.358":[181],"(14.746-18.759)":[182],"0.421":[184],"(0.364-0.608)":[185],"\u00b5mol/L,":[186],"respectively,":[187],"GABA:glutamate":[191],"ratio":[192],"0.026":[194],"(0.024-0.041).":[195],"Behavioural":[196],"scores":[197],"varied":[198],"across":[199],"participants.":[200],"The":[201],"provides":[203],"biochemical":[207],"an":[212],"under-represented":[213],"Nigerian":[214],"population.":[216],"findings":[219],"represent":[220],"excretory":[221],"rather":[223],"than":[224],"definitive":[225],"measures":[226,244],"systemic":[228,247],"nutritional":[229,248],"status,":[230],"uncorrected":[233],"spot-urine":[234],"measurements":[235],"warrant":[236],"cautious":[237],"interpretation.":[238],"Larger":[239],"studies":[240],"incorporating":[241],"creatinine-normalised":[242],"established":[246],"biomarkers":[249],"are":[250],"needed.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}