{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225468434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105827","title":"Carbon sequestration and avoided emissions reveal the net carbon benefit of urban green space in Beijing (2000\u20132024)","display_name":"Carbon sequestration and avoided emissions reveal the net carbon benefit of urban green space in Beijing (2000\u20132024)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225468434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105827","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204626002513/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104597489","display_name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","issn_l":"0169-2046","issn":["0169-2046","1872-6062"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204626002513/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161148856","display_name":"Kai Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161151296","display_name":"Yuanfei Hao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanfei Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000272081","display_name":"Yingshuo Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6491-6507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6491-6507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingshuo Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144418637","display_name":"Shoubang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3122-4246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3122-4246"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoubang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3122-4246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161218277","display_name":"Hao Yin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101623565","display_name":"Xi Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-1811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-1811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-1811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101623565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"],"apc_list":{"value":3120,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3120},"apc_paid":{"value":3120,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3120},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"279","issue":null,"first_page":"105827","last_page":"105827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.4867999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.4867999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13801","display_name":"Urban Arborization and Environmental Studies","score":0.3840000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.053700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-green-space","display_name":"urban green space","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-sequestration","display_name":"carbon sequestration","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avoided-emissions","display_name":"avoided emissions","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-ecosystem-production","display_name":"net ecosystem production","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-carbon-emissions","display_name":"life cycle carbon emissions","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-budget","display_name":"carbon balance","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-conservation-areas","display_name":"ecological conservation areas","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-space-planning","display_name":"green space planning","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-exposure","display_name":"population exposure","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-configuration","display_name":"landscape configuration","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.8400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22884784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15305550","display_name":"Carbon sequestration","level":3,"score":0.8057000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7311999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.6333000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992075096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22652","display_name":"Urban green space","level":3,"score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149677717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611523","display_name":"Carbon sink","level":3,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6939412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167751","display_name":"Carbon cycle","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105827","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204626002513/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104597489","display_name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","issn_l":"0169-2046","issn":["0169-2046","1872-6062"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105827","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204626002513/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104597489","display_name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","issn_l":"0169-2046","issn":["0169-2046","1872-6062"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7585184114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52578055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7795840811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32371643","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225468434.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225468434.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1913957972","https://openalex.org/W1968163062","https://openalex.org/W1978252675","https://openalex.org/W2012478834","https://openalex.org/W2067082811","https://openalex.org/W2075112152","https://openalex.org/W2077065917","https://openalex.org/W2088794999","https://openalex.org/W2090322439","https://openalex.org/W2090539251","https://openalex.org/W2097935015","https://openalex.org/W2149185296","https://openalex.org/W2158807068","https://openalex.org/W2229168267","https://openalex.org/W2599958479","https://openalex.org/W2606629393","https://openalex.org/W2739100911","https://openalex.org/W2896980489","https://openalex.org/W2939139118","https://openalex.org/W2977279580","https://openalex.org/W2999615587","https://openalex.org/W3168484968","https://openalex.org/W3190690140","https://openalex.org/W4200336467","https://openalex.org/W4206424943","https://openalex.org/W4280601176","https://openalex.org/W4293148685","https://openalex.org/W4307056867","https://openalex.org/W4309422433","https://openalex.org/W4309427165","https://openalex.org/W4387414222","https://openalex.org/W4391124493","https://openalex.org/W4391268360","https://openalex.org/W4391305098","https://openalex.org/W4391470439","https://openalex.org/W4392181048","https://openalex.org/W4392266522","https://openalex.org/W4392346981","https://openalex.org/W4392881160","https://openalex.org/W4393224919","https://openalex.org/W4394782832","https://openalex.org/W4400540506","https://openalex.org/W4400624533","https://openalex.org/W4401758854","https://openalex.org/W4403013334","https://openalex.org/W4404665566","https://openalex.org/W4406080778","https://openalex.org/W4406419026","https://openalex.org/W4406687385","https://openalex.org/W4407356852","https://openalex.org/W4407836928","https://openalex.org/W4408564822","https://openalex.org/W4412460884","https://openalex.org/W4415170177","https://openalex.org/W4415931126","https://openalex.org/W4416541640","https://openalex.org/W7130821294","https://openalex.org/W7131098169","https://openalex.org/W7163406425","https://openalex.org/W7164336329","https://openalex.org/W7165013854","https://openalex.org/W7166587941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405207794","https://openalex.org/W2944107087","https://openalex.org/W2910506123","https://openalex.org/W7224121693","https://openalex.org/W3135406386","https://openalex.org/W4321464012","https://openalex.org/W3000099361","https://openalex.org/W2385717003","https://openalex.org/W4411922069","https://openalex.org/W7204530310"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"green":[1,177,242],"spaces":[2,178],"(UGS)":[3],"are":[4,17,28,250],"widely":[5],"promoted":[6],"as":[7],"nature-based":[8],"solutions":[9],"for":[10],"climate":[11],"mitigation,":[12],"yet":[13],"their":[14],"carbon":[15,61,90,109,127],"benefits":[16],"difficult":[18],"to":[19,43,53,111,145],"compare":[20],"because":[21,184],"ecosystem":[22,57,126],"sequestration":[23,91,116],"and":[24,63,76,171,195,204,217,247],"demand-side":[25],"emission":[26],"reductions":[27],"often":[29],"estimated":[30],"separately":[31],"under":[32],"inconsistent":[33],"accounting":[34],"boundaries.":[35],"We":[36],"developed":[37],"a":[38,139],"spatially":[39,141],"explicit":[40],"carbon-budget":[41],"framework":[42],"assess":[44],"the":[45,68,74,98,107,167,228],"metropolitan":[46],"green-space":[47,225],"system":[48],"of":[49,101,148,166,191],"Beijing":[50],"from":[51],"2000":[52],"2024,":[54],"integrating":[55],"net":[56,89,115],"productivity":[58],"(NEP),":[59],"life-cycle":[60],"emissions,":[62,104],"cooling-induced":[64,102,135],"avoided":[65,103,136,182,208],"emissions.":[66],"Under":[67],"baseline":[69],"parameterization,":[70],"linear":[71],"interpolation":[72],"between":[73],"2010":[75],"2015":[77],"estimates":[78],"suggested":[79],"that":[80],"NCB":[81],"crossed":[82],"zero":[83],"around":[84,93],"2012,":[85],"slightly":[86],"earlier":[87],"than":[88],"(NCS)":[92],"2013.":[94],"This":[95],"difference":[96],"reflects":[97],"additional":[99],"contribution":[100],"which":[105],"allowed":[106],"overall":[108],"budget":[110],"become":[112],"positive":[113],"before":[114],"alone":[117],"did.":[118],"The":[119,154],"long-term":[120],"transition":[121],"was":[122,199],"dominated":[123],"by":[124],"increasing":[125,131],"uptake,":[128],"with":[129,189,202,214],"NEP":[130,150],"approximately":[132],"sevenfold,":[133],"whereas":[134,174,207],"emissions":[137,183,209],"provided":[138],"smaller,":[140],"concentrated":[142],"contribution,":[143],"equivalent":[144],"about":[146],"5\u20136%":[147],"citywide":[149],"in":[151,235],"recent":[152],"years.":[153],"two":[155],"components":[156],"showed":[157],"contrasting":[158],"spatial":[159],"patterns:":[160],"ecological":[161,233],"conservation":[162],"areas":[163,190,237],"contributed":[164],"most":[165],"NCS":[168,198],"through":[169],"extensive":[170,232],"productive":[172],"vegetation,":[173],"central":[175],"urban":[176,241],"generated":[179],"higher":[180],"area-normalized":[181],"they":[185],"overlapped":[186],"more":[187,211],"closely":[188],"high":[192],"population":[193,215,248],"exposure":[194,216,249],"cooling":[196,245],"demand.":[197],"mainly":[200],"associated":[201,213],"environmental":[203],"vegetation":[205],"conditions,":[206],"were":[210],"strongly":[212],"landscape":[218],"configuration.":[219],"These":[220],"results":[221],"support":[222],"functionally":[223],"differentiated":[224],"planning":[226],"across":[227],"urban\u2013rural":[229],"gradient:":[230],"maintaining":[231],"capacity":[234],"peripheral":[236],"while":[238],"strategically":[239],"locating":[240],"space":[243],"where":[244],"demand":[246],"concentrated.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}
