{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225466528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jmcee7.mteng-22886","title":"Micronized Biomass Silica as a Reactive Precursor in Geopolymer-Stabilized Marine Soil: Strength and Durability Assessment","display_name":"Micronized Biomass Silica as a Reactive Precursor in Geopolymer-Stabilized Marine Soil: Strength and Durability Assessment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225466528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jmcee7.mteng-22886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/jmcee7.mteng-22886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jmcee7.mteng-22886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jmcee7.mteng-22886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111427844","display_name":"Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0899-1561","issn":["0899-1561","1943-5533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006626413","display_name":"Aleena Tom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5198-9312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5198-9312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114845381","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Calicut","ror":"https://ror.org/03yyd7552","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114845381"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleena Tom","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology Calicut"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5198-9312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology Calicut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114845381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016416714","display_name":"Kodi Rangaswamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2257-5801","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2257-5801"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114845381","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Calicut","ror":"https://ror.org/03yyd7552","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114845381"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kodi Rangaswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology Calicut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology Calicut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114845381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114845381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.02160000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geopolymer","display_name":"geopolymer","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-husk-ash","display_name":"rice husk ash","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkali-activated-binders","display_name":"alkali-activated binders","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unconfined-compressive-strength","display_name":"unconfined compressive strength","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/durability","display_name":"durability","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wet-dry-cycles","display_name":"wetting-drying cycles","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-aluminosilicate-hydrate","display_name":"sodium aluminosilicate hydrate","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zeolites","display_name":"zeolites","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binder-dosage","display_name":"binder dosage","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-assessment","display_name":"life cycle assessment","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste","display_name":"waste","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-microstructure","display_name":"soil microstructure","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104304963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5316114","display_name":"Durability","level":2,"score":0.7304999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780837464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26462","display_name":"Geopolymer","level":3,"score":0.6557999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.5408999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85704489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q429979","display_name":"Aluminosilicate","level":3,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779947509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54910469","display_name":"Sodium silicate","level":2,"score":0.5267999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37646163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026797","display_name":"California bearing ratio","level":3,"score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134514944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817136","display_name":"Wetting","level":2,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126292034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4291516","display_name":"Metakaolin","level":3,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106827334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q672821","display_name":"Molar concentration","level":2,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75296557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14524280","display_name":"Husk","level":2,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87343466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236139","display_name":"Fly ash","level":2,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11839303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622096","display_name":"Silica fume","level":3,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769","display_name":"Sodium hydroxide","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150581940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622205","display_name":"Specific surface area","level":3,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180145272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7504144","display_name":"Shrinkage","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153642686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70906","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198091228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19557","display_name":"Alkali metal","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197248824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184395","display_name":"Seawater","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144176778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766786","display_name":"Surface-area-to-volume ratio","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994067411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125264","display_name":"Molar ratio","level":3,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/jmcee7.mteng-22886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jmcee7.mteng-22886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jmcee7.mteng-22886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111427844","display_name":"Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0899-1561","issn":["0899-1561","1943-5533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.4390000104904175,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W631039185","https://openalex.org/W1551116237","https://openalex.org/W1964946787","https://openalex.org/W1979401148","https://openalex.org/W2000282519","https://openalex.org/W2000501553","https://openalex.org/W2004606707","https://openalex.org/W2010521824","https://openalex.org/W2016556004","https://openalex.org/W2047837657","https://openalex.org/W2048271631","https://openalex.org/W2063890898","https://openalex.org/W2079350826","https://openalex.org/W2083605873","https://openalex.org/W2095259135","https://openalex.org/W2103567140","https://openalex.org/W2160699256","https://openalex.org/W2342638262","https://openalex.org/W2587314598","https://openalex.org/W2604927673","https://openalex.org/W2740489562","https://openalex.org/W2771720442","https://openalex.org/W2809828967","https://openalex.org/W2889573857","https://openalex.org/W2897709888","https://openalex.org/W2945966691","https://openalex.org/W2990992350","https://openalex.org/W2991459470","https://openalex.org/W3004628654","https://openalex.org/W3016340505","https://openalex.org/W3109506986","https://openalex.org/W3111774753","https://openalex.org/W3138041867","https://openalex.org/W3155542197","https://openalex.org/W3156567448","https://openalex.org/W3158036696","https://openalex.org/W3203183763","https://openalex.org/W3204107356","https://openalex.org/W3216721505","https://openalex.org/W3217194025","https://openalex.org/W4206415327","https://openalex.org/W4254732055","https://openalex.org/W4287092109","https://openalex.org/W4312056295","https://openalex.org/W4318481013","https://openalex.org/W4362663441","https://openalex.org/W4366415386","https://openalex.org/W4386253372","https://openalex.org/W4387005791","https://openalex.org/W4388785170","https://openalex.org/W4389030241","https://openalex.org/W4394019312","https://openalex.org/W4399199778","https://openalex.org/W4399283669","https://openalex.org/W4407175722","https://openalex.org/W4411085605","https://openalex.org/W4412558600","https://openalex.org/W4413826424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7125610365","https://openalex.org/W4388785170","https://openalex.org/W7140169215","https://openalex.org/W3197884693","https://openalex.org/W4391755937","https://openalex.org/W7139987106","https://openalex.org/W4387005791","https://openalex.org/W2042997524","https://openalex.org/W4214676433","https://openalex.org/W4412755753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Marine":[1],"soils,":[2],"distributed":[3],"indefinitely":[4],"around":[5],"the":[6,86,100,110,113,124,155,181,234,238,250,265,289,296],"world,":[7],"because":[8],"of":[9,64,79,163,168,172,176,185,191,196,213,292,298],"their":[10,26],"low":[11],"strength":[12,92,115],"characteristics,":[13],"high":[14,16],"compressibility,":[15],"plasticity,":[17],"and":[18,77,103,126,144,174,215,221,229,246,256],"sensitivity":[19],"have":[20],"created":[21],"an":[22],"imperative":[23],"need":[24],"for":[25,152],"stabilization.":[27,280],"This":[28,281],"study":[29,108],"aims":[30],"to":[31,84],"improve":[32],"marine":[33,119,156,293],"soil":[34,157,251,294],"using":[35,99,129],"a":[36,45,51,161,200,270,284],"novel":[37],"geopolymer":[38],"based":[39,90],"on":[40,91],"micronized":[41],"biomass":[42],"silica":[43,55],"(MBS),":[44],"carbon-free":[46],"green":[47],"product":[48],"produced":[49],"at":[50,160,188],"lower":[52],"cost":[53],"than":[54,205],"fume":[56],"manufactured":[57],"from":[58],"rice":[59],"husk":[60],"ash.":[61],"The":[62,94,149],"effects":[63],"several":[65],"parameters,":[66],"including":[67],"binder":[68,162],"dosage,":[69],"alkali-to-binder":[70,170],"ratio":[71,75,167,171],"(L/B),":[72],"alkali":[73,165],"activator":[74,166],"(NS/NH),":[76],"molarity":[78,177],"NaOH":[80,175],"solution,":[81],"were":[82,241],"examined":[83],"choose":[85],"best":[87],"mix":[88],"proportions":[89],"enhancement.":[93],"durability":[95,201],"performance":[96],"was":[97,159],"assessed":[98],"cyclic":[101],"wetting":[102,214],"drying":[104,216],"method.":[105],"Furthermore,":[106],"this":[107],"investigated":[109],"mechanisms":[111],"underlying":[112],"reported":[114],"augmentation":[116],"in":[117,154,237,273],"treated":[118],"soil,":[120],"as":[121,123],"well":[122],"microstructural":[125],"physiochemical":[127],"interactions,":[128],"Field-emission":[130],"Scanning":[131],"Electron":[132],"Microscopy":[133],"(FESEM),":[134],"Energy-Dispersive":[135],"X-ray":[136,145],"Spectroscopy":[137,142],"(EDS),":[138],"Fourier":[139],"Transform":[140],"Infrared":[141],"(FTIR),":[143],"Diffraction":[146],"(XRD)":[147],"analyses.":[148],"optimal":[150],"dosage":[151],"geopolymerization":[153],"studied":[158],"15%,":[164],"2,":[169],"0.8,":[173],"8M,":[178],"which":[179,248],"yielded":[180],"highest":[182],"UCS":[183],"value":[184,203],"1,033":[186],"kPa":[187],"28":[189],"days":[190],"curing,":[192],"16":[193],"times":[194],"that":[195,233,287],"untreated":[197],"soil.":[198],"With":[199],"index":[202,276],"greater":[204],"1,":[206],"all":[207],"evaluated":[208],"samples":[209],"endured":[210],"12":[211],"cycles":[212],"with":[217],"little":[218],"volume":[219],"change":[220],"minimal":[222],"surface":[223],"damage.":[224],"Finally,":[225],"SEM,":[226],"EDS,":[227],"FTIR,":[228],"XRD":[230],"results":[231],"revealed":[232],"cementing":[235],"components":[236],"geopolymer-stabilized":[239],"clay":[240],"sodium":[242],"aluminosilicate":[243],"hydrate":[244],"(N\u2500A\u2500S\u2500H)":[245],"Zeolites,":[247],"increased":[249],"structure":[252],"density":[253],"through":[254,295],"bonding":[255],"filling":[257],"effects.":[258],"A":[259],"comparative":[260],"life":[261],"cycle":[262],"assessment":[263],"verified":[264],"system\u2019s":[266],"environmental":[267],"advantage,":[268],"demonstrating":[269],"22%":[271],"reduction":[272],"its":[274],"carbon":[275],"over":[277],"traditional":[278],"cement-based":[279],"investigation":[282],"presents":[283],"promising":[285],"approach":[286],"improves":[288],"geomechanical":[290],"characteristics":[291],"application":[297],"waste":[299],"materials.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}
