{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225465944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62823/ijemmasss/8.4(i).9642","title":"Education for a Changing World: Liberal Arts Education and the Case for Structural Integration","display_name":"Education for a Changing World: Liberal Arts Education and the Case for Structural Integration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225465944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62823/ijemmasss/8.4(i).9642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62823/ijemmasss/8.4(i).9642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62823/ijemmasss/8.4(i).9642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62823/ijemmasss/8.4(i).9642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708486","display_name":"International Journal of Education Modern Management Applied Science & Social Science","issn_l":"2581-9925","issn":["2581-9925"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126241","host_organization_name":"Inspira","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126241"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Education, Modern Management, Applied Science & Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161210185","display_name":"Roopa Varma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114176345","display_name":"University of Calicut","ror":"https://ror.org/05yeh3g67","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114176345"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roopa Varma","raw_affiliation_strings":["NSS Training College Ottapalam, University of Calicut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NSS Training College Ottapalam, University of Calicut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114176345"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152645732","display_name":"Prof. Sunil Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114176345","display_name":"University of Calicut","ror":"https://ror.org/05yeh3g67","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114176345"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["NSS Training College Ottapalam, University of Calicut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NSS Training College Ottapalam, University of Calicut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114176345"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114176345"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"08","issue":"04(I)","first_page":"31","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14024","display_name":"Education, Philosophy, and Society","score":0.43290001153945923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14024","display_name":"Education, Philosophy, and Society","score":0.43290001153945923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.15700000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13368","display_name":"University Challenges and Reforms","score":0.1525000035762787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liberal-arts-education","display_name":"liberal arts education","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-integration","display_name":"structural integration","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking","display_name":"critical thinking","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skills-demand","display_name":"skills demand","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"automation","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-ai","display_name":"generative AI","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-education-policy-2020","display_name":"National Education Policy 2020","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-education","display_name":"teacher professional development","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-design","display_name":"test design","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-integration","display_name":"curriculum integration","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.607200026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.45010000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36914074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940501","display_name":"nobody","level":2,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53538382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258534","display_name":"Liberal education","level":4,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37413474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189329","display_name":"Liberal arts education","level":3,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67141207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452348","display_name":"Education policy","level":3,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79615585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837313","display_name":"Civics","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207096701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q564371","display_name":"Philosophy of education","level":3,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111439079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192125","display_name":"Liberal democracy","level":4,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118589477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417017","display_name":"Neoliberalism (international relations)","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70789860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2018526","display_name":"The arts","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134819137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1346247","display_name":"Comparative education","level":3,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777673361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281228","display_name":"Disadvantage","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776702143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5490565","display_name":"Global education","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62823/ijemmasss/8.4(i).9642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62823/ijemmasss/8.4(i).9642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62823/ijemmasss/8.4(i).9642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708486","display_name":"International Journal of Education Modern Management Applied Science & Social Science","issn_l":"2581-9925","issn":["2581-9925"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126241","host_organization_name":"Inspira","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126241"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Education, Modern Management, Applied Science & Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2897003311","https://openalex.org/W7215099086","https://openalex.org/W2808752338","https://openalex.org/W3083574182","https://openalex.org/W7107966846","https://openalex.org/W2974605918","https://openalex.org/W2506165615","https://openalex.org/W2950913088","https://openalex.org/W2996481844","https://openalex.org/W1198905625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Schools":[0],"are":[1,46,65,289],"being":[2],"asked":[3],"to":[4,49,52,162,214,227,351],"prepare":[5],"young":[6],"people":[7],"for":[8,58,120,316,331],"economies,":[9],"technologies":[10],"and":[11,24,61,79,106,113,126,130,133,142,160,168,195,209,247,257,283,320,326,335,340],"civic":[12],"conditions":[13],"that":[14,56,77,82,99,223,238,248,300],"nobody":[15],"can":[16],"describe":[17],"with":[18,63,136,212,314],"confidence.":[19],"Estimates":[20],"of":[21,35,74,86,140,150,165,185,250,278],"how":[22],"automation":[23],"generative":[25],"artificial":[26],"intelligence":[27],"will":[28],"alter":[29],"work":[30,197],"differ":[31],"widely,":[32],"yet":[33],"most":[34,349],"them":[36],"point":[37,93],"in":[38,104,177,216,231,270,281,286,307],"one":[39,272],"direction:":[40],"tasks":[41,55],"built":[42],"on":[43,116,123,128,131,254],"routine":[44],"procedure":[45],"the":[47,83,95,117,137,143,148,154,173,178,191,251,262,275,308,327,344],"easiest":[48],"hand":[50],"over":[51],"machines,":[53],"while":[54,219],"call":[57],"judgement,":[59],"explanation":[60],"cooperation":[62],"others":[64],"gaining":[66],"value.":[67],"This":[68],"conceptual":[69],"paper":[70,109,263,312],"asks":[71],"what":[72],"kind":[73],"education":[75,88,152,302,319,342],"answers":[76],"situation,":[78],"it":[80,336],"argues":[81,299],"long":[84],"tradition":[85],"liberal":[87,151,200,301],"offers":[89],"a":[90,265,279,296],"better":[91],"starting":[92],"than":[94],"narrow,":[96],"examination-driven":[97],"specialisation":[98],"still":[100],"governs":[101],"much":[102,249],"schooling":[103],"India":[105],"elsewhere.":[107],"The":[108,234,311],"first":[110,309],"reviews":[111],"labour-market":[112],"policy":[114],"evidence":[115,221,252,261],"changing":[118],"demand":[119],"skills,":[121],"drawing":[122],"Autor,":[124],"Levy":[125],"Murnane,":[127],"Deming,":[129],"Eloundou":[132],"colleagues,":[134],"along":[135],"framing":[138],"documents":[139],"UNESCO":[141],"OECD.":[144],"It":[145,298],"then":[146],"traces":[147],"idea":[149],"from":[153,190],"classical":[155],"artes":[156],"liberales,":[157],"through":[158],"Newman":[159],"Dewey,":[161],"Nussbaum's":[163],"account":[164],"democratic":[166],"citizenship,":[167],"sets":[169],"this":[170,260],"history":[171],"alongside":[172],"Indian":[174,317],"precedents":[175],"recognised":[176],"National":[179,193,328],"Education":[180,333],"Policy":[181],"2020.":[182],"A":[183],"review":[184],"empirical":[186],"studies":[187],"follows.":[188],"Research":[189],"Wabash":[192],"Study":[194],"related":[196],"links":[198],"particular":[199],"arts":[201],"experiences,":[202],"such":[203],"as":[204,343],"clear":[205],"teaching,":[206],"sustained":[207],"discussion":[208],"frequent":[210],"contact":[211],"teachers,":[213],"gains":[215],"critical":[217,224],"thinking,":[218],"meta-analytic":[220],"shows":[222],"thinking":[225,239],"responds":[226],"explicit":[228],"instruction":[229],"set":[230],"authentic":[232],"problems.":[233],"same":[235],"literature":[236],"cautions":[237],"skills":[240],"do":[241],"not":[242],"transfer":[243],"automatically":[244],"across":[245],"domains":[246],"rests":[253],"self-selected":[255],"samples":[256],"self-report.":[258],"From":[259],"develops":[264],"distinction":[266],"between":[267],"structural":[268],"integration,":[269,285],"which":[271,287],"discipline":[273],"supplies":[274],"working":[276],"logic":[277],"task":[280],"another,":[282],"decorative":[284],"subjects":[288],"simply":[290],"placed":[291],"side":[292,294],"by":[293],"around":[295],"theme.":[297],"earns":[303],"its":[304],"claims":[305],"only":[306],"form.":[310],"closes":[313],"implications":[315],"school":[318],"teacher":[321,341],"preparation":[322],"under":[323],"NEP":[324],"2020":[325],"Curriculum":[329],"Framework":[330],"School":[332],"2023,":[334],"identifies":[337],"examination":[338],"design":[339],"places":[345],"where":[346],"reform":[347],"is":[348],"likely":[350],"stall.":[352]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}