{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225464386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713","title":"Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Wet Microalgae for Bio-Crude Production: Process Parameters, Catalytic Strategies and Scale-Up Challenges","display_name":"Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Wet Microalgae for Bio-Crude Production: Process Parameters, Catalytic Strategies and Scale-Up Challenges","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225464386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48175/ijarsct-40713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201094","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology","issn_l":"2581-9429","issn":["2581-9429"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4376906117","host_organization_name":"Shivkrupa Publication's","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4376906117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Shivkrupa Publication's"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161158253","display_name":"Sushant Laxman Ghag Dr. S. R. Dhokpande","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. S. R. Dhokpande, Sushant Laxman Ghag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161162296","display_name":"Ganesh Shankar Sable Sachin Subhash Prasad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachin Subhash Prasad, Ganesh Shankar Sable","raw_affiliation_strings":["Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"95","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.8115000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.8115000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.12290000170469284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11351","display_name":"Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrothermal-liquefaction","display_name":"hydrothermal liquefaction","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biocrude","display_name":"biocrude","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algal-biofuels","display_name":"algal biofuels","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalysts","display_name":"catalysts","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-parameters","display_name":"process parameters","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-integration","display_name":"heat integration","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalyst-deactivation","display_name":"catalyst deactivation","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-up","display_name":"scale-up","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-integration","display_name":"process integration","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-analysis","display_name":"techno-economic analysis","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779276218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16878117","display_name":"Hydrothermal liquefaction","level":3,"score":0.9246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85296223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2076369","display_name":"Dewatering","level":2,"score":0.7465999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.6722999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6672999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191859794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180208","display_name":"Liquefaction","level":2,"score":0.6223000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.616599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.6022999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.5112000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982719155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25584060","display_name":"Energy source","level":3,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156380964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556","display_name":"Bioenergy","level":3,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143517461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138571","display_name":"Renewable resource","level":3,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24872536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221979","display_name":"Coal liquefaction","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52208190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313121","display_name":"Renewable fuels","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48175/ijarsct-40713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201094","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology","issn_l":"2581-9429","issn":["2581-9429"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4376906117","host_organization_name":"Shivkrupa Publication's","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4376906117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Shivkrupa Publication's"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48175/ijarsct-40713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-40713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201094","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology","issn_l":"2581-9429","issn":["2581-9429"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4376906117","host_organization_name":"Shivkrupa Publication's","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4376906117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Shivkrupa Publication's"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225464386.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225464386.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009575231","https://openalex.org/W2144847800","https://openalex.org/W2278456536","https://openalex.org/W2612482182","https://openalex.org/W2989058941","https://openalex.org/W3119846516","https://openalex.org/W4211199437","https://openalex.org/W4396653335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128712699","https://openalex.org/W2561928507","https://openalex.org/W2789769865","https://openalex.org/W1135894513","https://openalex.org/W3154966042","https://openalex.org/W1982989021","https://openalex.org/W1528823756","https://openalex.org/W4379721385","https://openalex.org/W2785632027","https://openalex.org/W4387173200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Algal":[0],"biomass":[1,54,67],"is":[2,43,198],"being":[3],"investigated":[4],"as":[5,204],"a":[6,26,73],"renewable":[7],"feedstock":[8,99],"for":[9,191],"liquid":[10,151],"fuels":[11],"because":[12],"microalgae":[13],"can":[14,17,24,156],"grow":[15],"rapidly,":[16],"be":[18],"cultivated":[19],"on":[20,89,96],"non-arable":[21],"land,":[22],"and":[23,31,46,52,106,139,160,173,180,188,225,228],"use":[25],"range":[27,121],"of":[28,92,122,125],"water":[29,71],"sources":[30],"carbon":[32],"dioxide":[33],"streams.":[34],"A":[35],"major":[36],"barrier":[37],"in":[38,68,85,118,175],"conventional":[39],"algal":[40,132],"biofuel":[41],"routes":[42],"the":[44,86,90,110,119,176,189,195],"energy":[45],"cost":[47,179],"associated":[48],"with":[49,131],"harvesting,":[50],"dewatering":[51],"drying":[53],"before":[55],"lipid":[56],"extraction.":[57],"Hydrothermal":[58],"liquefaction":[59],"(HTL)":[60],"offers":[61],"an":[62],"alternative":[63],"by":[64],"converting":[65],"wet":[66,93],"hot":[69],"compressed":[70],"into":[72],"bio-crude":[74,114],"product":[75,102],"without":[76],"requiring":[77],"complete":[78],"drying.":[79],"This":[80],"review":[81,167],"synthesises":[82],"literature":[83],"reported":[84,113,148,200],"source":[87],"material":[88],"HTL":[91],"microalgae,":[94],"focusing":[95],"operating":[97],"conditions,":[98],"composition,":[100],"catalysts,":[101],"separation,":[103],"aqueous-phase":[104],"recycling":[105],"process":[107],"integration.":[108,193],"Across":[109],"studies":[111,208],"summarised,":[112],"yields":[115],"commonly":[116],"fall":[117],"approximate":[120],"30\u201370":[123],"wt%":[124],"dry":[126],"feed,":[127],"although":[128],"values":[129,201],"vary":[130],"strain,":[133],"reactor":[134],"configuration,":[135],"temperature,":[136],"residence":[137],"time":[138],"product-recovery":[140],"method.":[141],"Temperatures":[142],"around":[143],"300\u2013350":[144],"\u00b0C":[145],"are":[146,202],"frequently":[147],"to":[149],"favour":[150,164],"products,":[152],"while":[153],"higher":[154],"temperatures":[155,162],"increase":[157],"gas":[158],"formation":[159],"lower":[161],"may":[163],"solids.":[165],"The":[166],"also":[168],"identifies":[169],"persistent":[170],"challenges:":[171],"nitrogen":[172],"oxygen":[174],"bio-crude,":[177],"catalyst":[178],"deactivation,":[181],"high-pressure":[182],"solids":[183],"handling,":[184],"uncertain":[185],"commercial-scale":[186],"economics,":[187],"need":[190],"heat":[192],"Because":[194],"underlying":[196],"project":[197],"literature-based,":[199],"presented":[203],"results":[205],"from":[206],"prior":[207],"rather":[209],"than":[210],"new":[211],"experimental":[212],"measurements.":[213],"Further":[214],"work":[215],"should":[216],"prioritise":[217],"comparable":[218],"reporting":[219],"methods,":[220],"continuous-reactor":[221],"validation,":[222],"upgrading":[223],"performance":[224],"integrated":[226],"techno-economic":[227],"environmental":[229],"assessment.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}
