{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225459372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524","title":"Bias against women's anger is alive and well: A large-scale test using interactions in the field","display_name":"Bias against women's anger is alive and well: A large-scale test using interactions in the field","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225459372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64744539","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","issn_l":"0749-5978","issn":["0749-5978","1095-9920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-1","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147442357","display_name":"Peter Jin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063586070","display_name":"M. Asher Lawson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5782-3583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5782-3583"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102272798","display_name":"INSEAD","ror":"https://ror.org/00ghzk478","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Asher Lawson","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSEAD, Fontainebleau, 77300, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSEAD, Fontainebleau, 77300, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018739475","display_name":"Natalia Karelaia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-2998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-2998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102272798","display_name":"INSEAD","ror":"https://ror.org/00ghzk478","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Karelaia","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSEAD, Fontainebleau, 77300, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSEAD, Fontainebleau, 77300, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072339127","display_name":"So Yeon Chun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152270","display_name":"INSEAD","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynf4333","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102272798","https://openalex.org/I4210152270"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"So Yeon Chun","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSEAD, 138676, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSEAD, 138676, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152270"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008828065","display_name":"Eric Luis Uhlmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-9936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-9936"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152270","display_name":"INSEAD","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynf4333","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102272798","https://openalex.org/I4210152270"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Luis Uhlmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSEAD, 138676, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSEAD, 138676, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152270"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5147442357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":{"value":3530,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3530},"apc_paid":{"value":3530,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3530},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"197","issue":null,"first_page":"104524","last_page":"104524"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.5497999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.5497999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.14149999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.04780000075697899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-bias","display_name":"gender bias","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger-expression","display_name":"anger expression","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backlash","display_name":"backlash","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-anger","display_name":"women's anger","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-stereotypes","display_name":"gender stereotypes","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-speeches","display_name":"political speeches","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-posts","display_name":"social media posts","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-reviews","display_name":"online reviews","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence-attribution","display_name":"competence attribution","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-discrimination","display_name":"gender discrimination","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.7818999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6229000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6086999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91751843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5446984","display_name":"Field dependence","level":3,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490535","display_name":"Response bias","level":2,"score":0.24619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.243599995970726}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64744539","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","issn_l":"0749-5978","issn":["0749-5978","1095-9920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-1","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2026.104524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64744539","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","issn_l":"0749-5978","issn":["0749-5978","1095-9920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-1","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.9444000124931335},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5676000118255615}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313935","display_name":"Institut Europ\u00e9en d'Administration des Affaires","ror":"https://ror.org/00ghzk478"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":102,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1209460228","https://openalex.org/W1490669639","https://openalex.org/W1491611132","https://openalex.org/W1596357498","https://openalex.org/W1965514675","https://openalex.org/W1967845772","https://openalex.org/W1967992372","https://openalex.org/W1976903061","https://openalex.org/W1981458319","https://openalex.org/W1984568816","https://openalex.org/W1985558295","https://openalex.org/W1991853831","https://openalex.org/W2004355679","https://openalex.org/W2007177360","https://openalex.org/W2014781793","https://openalex.org/W2016909185","https://openalex.org/W2019211634","https://openalex.org/W2028261273","https://openalex.org/W2032228855","https://openalex.org/W2040467972","https://openalex.org/W2047305705","https://openalex.org/W2048820625","https://openalex.org/W2050331262","https://openalex.org/W2053326745","https://openalex.org/W2057777851","https://openalex.org/W2076989722","https://openalex.org/W2085489187","https://openalex.org/W2085876742","https://openalex.org/W2089651387","https://openalex.org/W2093193983","https://openalex.org/W2095688663","https://openalex.org/W2096372719","https://openalex.org/W2101446476","https://openalex.org/W2106421465","https://openalex.org/W2109453861","https://openalex.org/W2114107019","https://openalex.org/W2120197817","https://openalex.org/W2123263696","https://openalex.org/W2125800278","https://openalex.org/W2132351428","https://openalex.org/W2138196745","https://openalex.org/W2139168999","https://openalex.org/W2142401117","https://openalex.org/W2143897586","https://openalex.org/W2145409614","https://openalex.org/W2154380314","https://openalex.org/W2161498332","https://openalex.org/W2163213583","https://openalex.org/W2165328155","https://openalex.org/W2300079696","https://openalex.org/W2326922198","https://openalex.org/W2404486930","https://openalex.org/W2552049797","https://openalex.org/W2571597427","https://openalex.org/W2592514160","https://openalex.org/W2597201456","https://openalex.org/W2604479233","https://openalex.org/W2609675648","https://openalex.org/W2610312145","https://openalex.org/W2755636631","https://openalex.org/W2769358515","https://openalex.org/W2798262146","https://openalex.org/W2944339144","https://openalex.org/W2945786835","https://openalex.org/W2955082397","https://openalex.org/W2961388998","https://openalex.org/W2987333179","https://openalex.org/W2991191531","https://openalex.org/W3013576572","https://openalex.org/W3021476774","https://openalex.org/W3021485906","https://openalex.org/W3040588226","https://openalex.org/W3043109737","https://openalex.org/W3045825772","https://openalex.org/W3091293017","https://openalex.org/W3112344735","https://openalex.org/W3123278092","https://openalex.org/W3124180474","https://openalex.org/W3155209838","https://openalex.org/W4220945781","https://openalex.org/W4223592569","https://openalex.org/W4225473843","https://openalex.org/W4281713640","https://openalex.org/W4287134763","https://openalex.org/W4309324378","https://openalex.org/W4317437924","https://openalex.org/W4365450751","https://openalex.org/W4367048273","https://openalex.org/W4372259645","https://openalex.org/W4388565334","https://openalex.org/W4389356889","https://openalex.org/W4391434027","https://openalex.org/W4391783756","https://openalex.org/W4392589931","https://openalex.org/W4392735410","https://openalex.org/W4399365397","https://openalex.org/W4403195285","https://openalex.org/W4405427429","https://openalex.org/W4405971183","https://openalex.org/W4407701878","https://openalex.org/W4409694638","https://openalex.org/W7154453269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213963392","https://openalex.org/W7071061288","https://openalex.org/W3131086033","https://openalex.org/W2985469428","https://openalex.org/W2572062634","https://openalex.org/W1891521547","https://openalex.org/W7070754145","https://openalex.org/W2248174472","https://openalex.org/W2290999290","https://openalex.org/W3000505968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Expressions":[0],"of":[1,78,181],"anger":[2,65,79,125,186,220],"can":[3],"have":[4,11,68],"significant":[5],"social":[6,109],"consequences.":[7],"Prior":[8],"laboratory":[9],"studies":[10],"shown":[12],"that":[13,33,95,165],"although":[14,205],"men":[15],"may":[16,38],"benefit":[17],"from":[18],"expressing":[19],"anger,":[20],"women":[21,128],"are":[22,170],"often":[23],"penalized":[24],"for":[25,49],"it.":[26],"Yet,":[27],"more":[28,191],"recent":[29],"experimental":[30],"findings":[31,163],"suggest":[32],"this":[34],"gender-and-anger":[35],"backlash":[36],"effect":[37,141],"no":[39,139,179],"longer":[40],"hold":[41],"consistently.":[42],"These":[43,115],"mixed":[44],"results":[45],"present":[46],"an":[47],"opportunity":[48],"competitive":[50],"theory":[51],"testing":[52],"to":[53,64,75,135,156,161,184,194],"distinguish":[54],"between":[55],"alternative":[56],"accounts":[57],"regarding":[58,219],"whether":[59],"and":[60,89,112,146,168],"why":[61],"gendered":[62,73],"reactions":[63,130,183],"persist":[66],"or":[67],"diminished.":[69],"We":[70],"systematically":[71],"test":[72],"responses":[74],"verbal":[76],"expressions":[77,99,126],"across":[80],"ten":[81],"large-scale":[82],"archival":[83],"datasets":[84],"\u2013":[85,94],"spanning":[86],"67":[87],"years":[88],"over":[90,172],"100":[91],"million":[92],"observations":[93],"capture":[96],"naturalistic":[97],"emotion":[98],"in":[100,117,153,213,224,228],"diverse":[101],"settings,":[102],"including":[103],"political":[104],"speeches,":[105],"investor":[106],"call":[107],"conversations,":[108],"media":[110],"posts,":[111],"online":[113],"reviews.":[114],"replications":[116],"ecologically":[118],"valid":[119],"field":[120],"data":[121],"reveal":[122],"that,":[123],"overall,":[124],"by":[127,196],"elicited":[129],"reflecting":[131],"decreased":[132],"liking":[133],"relative":[134,193],"men,":[136],"yet":[137],"had":[138],"consistent":[140],"on":[142],"attributed":[143],"competence.":[144],"Female":[145],"male":[147],"responders":[148],"did":[149],"not":[150],"differ":[151],"significantly":[152],"the":[154,229],"tendency":[155],"penalize":[157],"angry":[158],"women.":[159],"Contrary":[160],"previous":[162],"suggesting":[164],"gender":[166,211,217],"stereotyping":[167],"discrimination":[169],"fading":[171],"time,":[173],"our":[174],"time":[175],"trend":[176],"analyses":[177],"revealed":[178],"sign":[180],"decline:":[182],"women\u2019s":[185],"grew":[187],"slightly":[188],"but":[189],"consistently":[190],"negative":[192],"men\u2019s,":[195],"about":[197],".001":[198],"standardized":[199],"units":[200],"per":[201],"year.":[202],"In":[203],"sum,":[204],"society":[206],"has":[207],"made":[208],"progress":[209],"toward":[210],"equality":[212],"many":[214],"areas,":[215],"prescriptive":[216],"biases":[218],"expression":[221],"remain":[222],"observable":[223],"naturally":[225],"emerging":[226],"discourses":[227],"field.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}