{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225459012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.14.3.322-330","title":"Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Function After Fluid Resuscitation and Norepinephrine Therapy in a Porcine Model of Septic Shock","display_name":"Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Function After Fluid Resuscitation and Norepinephrine Therapy in a Porcine Model of Septic Shock","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225459012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.14.3.322-330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29244/avi.14.3.322-330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.14.3.322-330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.14.3.322-330","pdf_url":"https://journal.ipb.ac.id/actavetindones/article/download/73254/34634","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169897","display_name":"Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana","issn_l":"2337-3202","issn":["2337-3202","2337-4373"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314920","host_organization_name":"Bogor Institute of Agriculture","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314920"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bogor Institute of Agriculture"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journal.ipb.ac.id/actavetindones/article/download/73254/34634","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004629673","display_name":"Rizki Ading Anugrah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1001-0491","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1001-0491"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizki Ading Anugrah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate Student, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1001-0491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate Student, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016459942","display_name":"Gunanti Gunanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7665-5264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7665-5264"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7665-5264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042914469","display_name":"Deni Noviana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9496-0130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9496-0130"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deni Noviana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9496-0130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074673064","display_name":"Deny Setyo Wibowo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-4703","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-4703"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deny Setyo Wibowo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-4703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025065380","display_name":"Aridamuriany Dwiputri Lubis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-4973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-4973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254887060","display_name":"Universitas Sumatera Utara","ror":"https://ror.org/01kknrc90","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254887060"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aridamuriany Dwiputri Lubis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-4973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254887060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065792147","display_name":"Arni Diana Fitri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-5271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-5271"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arni Diana Fitri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-5271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000058064","display_name":"Dwi Utari Rahmiati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-0610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-0610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dwi Utari Rahmiati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-0610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053214233","display_name":"Bintang Nurul Iman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4468-9423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4468-9423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bintang Nurul Iman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Staff of The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4468-9423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Staff of The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116089973","display_name":"Farid Ikram Kamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7795-0412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7795-0412"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farid Ikram Kamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate Student, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7795-0412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate Student, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161238507","display_name":"Shellia Calista Samosir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0957-6647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0957-6647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shellia Calista Samosir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate Student, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0957-6647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate Student, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":150},"apc_paid":{"value":150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":150},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"322","last_page":"330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11116","display_name":"Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/septic-shock","display_name":"septic shock","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-resuscitation","display_name":"fluid resuscitation","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norepinephrine","display_name":"norepinephrine","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-function","display_name":"cardiac function","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echocardiography","display_name":"echocardiography","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pig-model","display_name":"porcine model","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystalloids","display_name":"crystalloids","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactated-ringer-s-solution","display_name":"lactated Ringer's solution","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preload","display_name":"preload","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ejection-fraction","display_name":"ejection fraction","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-shortening","display_name":"fractional shortening","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-volume","display_name":"stroke volume","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-output","display_name":"cardiac output","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inotropic-support","display_name":"inotropic support","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7940999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778165595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5491454","display_name":"Resuscitation","level":2,"score":0.7199000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186242","display_name":"Norepinephrine","level":3,"score":0.6869000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.666700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169554166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496359","display_name":"Systole","level":4,"score":0.619700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5916000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111566952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303462","display_name":"Cardiac function curve","level":3,"score":0.5432999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777628635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1765564","display_name":"Septic shock","level":3,"score":0.53329998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57900726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492905","display_name":"Diastole","level":3,"score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139940330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596579","display_name":"Cardiac output","level":3,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80461066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1698533","display_name":"Stroke volume","level":4,"score":0.519599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48277249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1406926","display_name":"Preload","level":3,"score":0.510200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78085059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641303","display_name":"Ejection fraction","level":3,"score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.43950000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195646399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058580","display_name":"Intravascular volume status","level":3,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17140001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759415","display_name":"Pulse pressure","level":3,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65882447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375773","display_name":"End-systolic volume","level":5,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178853913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Hemodynamics","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779740085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2397680","display_name":"Interventricular septum","level":3,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99398487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257319","display_name":"Cardiac cycle","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017806863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002035","display_name":"Fractional shortening","level":4,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940733","display_name":"Mean arterial pressure","level":4,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780074459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Heart disease","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29244/avi.14.3.322-330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.14.3.322-330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.14.3.322-330","pdf_url":"https://journal.ipb.ac.id/actavetindones/article/download/73254/34634","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169897","display_name":"Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana","issn_l":"2337-3202","issn":["2337-3202","2337-4373"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314920","host_organization_name":"Bogor Institute of Agriculture","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314920"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bogor Institute of Agriculture"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29244/avi.14.3.322-330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.14.3.322-330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.14.3.322-330","pdf_url":"https://journal.ipb.ac.id/actavetindones/article/download/73254/34634","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169897","display_name":"Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana","issn_l":"2337-3202","issn":["2337-3202","2337-4373"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314920","host_organization_name":"Bogor Institute of Agriculture","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314920"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bogor Institute of Agriculture"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225459012.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225459012.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995076573","https://openalex.org/W2024294620","https://openalex.org/W2035416875","https://openalex.org/W2067090053","https://openalex.org/W2122560363","https://openalex.org/W2280404143","https://openalex.org/W2777123555","https://openalex.org/W2889367571","https://openalex.org/W2939268528","https://openalex.org/W3004427938","https://openalex.org/W3203103016","https://openalex.org/W4229369008","https://openalex.org/W4252019796","https://openalex.org/W4308888631","https://openalex.org/W4379056443","https://openalex.org/W4384338055","https://openalex.org/W4393111283","https://openalex.org/W4404168742","https://openalex.org/W4414194416","https://openalex.org/W4414499011","https://openalex.org/W4415259773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2777123555","https://openalex.org/W2426077162","https://openalex.org/W2410161497","https://openalex.org/W7172537805","https://openalex.org/W2333493892","https://openalex.org/W7212423026","https://openalex.org/W2965848843","https://openalex.org/W7129007027","https://openalex.org/W1992983447","https://openalex.org/W3159841201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Septic":[1,158],"shock":[2,159],"induces":[3],"systemic":[4],"vasodilation,":[5],"endothelial":[6],"dysfunction,":[7],"and":[8,30,79,102,110,118,126,139,171,196,212,222,228,246,257],"impaired":[9],"cardiac":[10,36,140,236],"filling,":[11],"necessitating":[12],"interventions":[13],"that":[14],"restore":[15],"tissue":[16],"perfusion.":[17],"Aims:":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20],"aimed":[21],"to":[22,88,99],"evaluate":[23],"the":[24],"effects":[25,195,234],"of":[26,35,42],"crystalloid":[27],"fluid":[28,70,216],"resuscitation":[29,71,217,227,242],"norepinephrine":[31,80,207,229,250],"on":[32,235],"echocardiographic":[33],"indices":[34],"function":[37,141,237,254],"in":[38,108,116,124,163,165,183,238],"a":[39],"porcine":[40],"model":[41],"septic":[43,239],"shock.":[44,240],"Methods:":[45],"A":[46],"controlled":[47],"experimental":[48],"design":[49],"was":[50,97],"conducted":[51],"using":[52,151],"nine":[53],"male":[54],"pigs":[55],"(40":[56],"\u2013":[57],"60":[58],"kg)":[59],"aged":[60],"12":[61],"-16":[62],"weeks":[63],"divided":[64],"into":[65],"three":[66],"groups:":[67],"control":[68],"(G0),":[69],"(G1;":[72],"Ringer-lactate":[73],"30":[74],"mL/kg":[75],"with":[76,175],"protocolized":[77],"repeats),":[78],"titration":[81],"(G2;":[82],"starting":[83],"at":[84],"0,05":[85],"\u03bcg/kg,":[86],"adjusted":[87],"Mean":[89],"Arterial":[90],"Pressure":[91],"\u2265":[92],"65":[93],"mmHg).":[94],"M-mode":[95],"echocardiography":[96],"used":[98],"measure":[100],"systolic":[101,253],"diastolic":[103],"structural":[104],"measures":[105],"(interventricular":[106],"septum":[107],"systole":[109,117,125,184],"diastole,":[111,119],"left":[112,120],"ventricular":[113,121,166],"internal":[114],"dimension":[115],"posterior":[122],"wall":[123],"diastole),":[127],"volumes":[128],"(End":[129],"Diastolic":[130],"Volume,":[131,134,136],"End":[132],"Systolic":[133],"Stroke":[135],"Cardiac":[137],"Output)":[138],"(Ejection":[142],"Fraction,":[143],"Fractional":[144],"Shortening,":[145],"Heart":[146],"Rate).":[147],"Data":[148],"were":[149,199],"analyzed":[150],"two-way":[152],"ANOVA":[153],"(\u03b1":[154],"=":[155,191],"0.05).":[156],"Results:":[157],"over":[160,188],"time":[161,189],"resulted":[162],"decreased":[164],"dimensions":[167],"(LVIDd),":[168],"EDV,":[169],"SV":[170],"CO":[172],"during":[173],"shock,":[174],"partial":[176],"recovery":[177],"after":[178],"therapy.":[179],"Interventricular":[180],"septal":[181],"thickness":[182],"(IVSs)":[185],"increased":[186],"significantly":[187,208],"(p":[190],"0.01),":[192],"while":[193,249],"treatment":[194],"treatment-time":[197],"interactions":[198],"not":[200],"statistically":[201],"significant":[202],"for":[203],"most":[204],"parameters.":[205],"Post-therapy,":[206],"improved":[209],"ejection":[210],"fraction":[211],"fractional":[213],"shortening,":[214],"whereas":[215],"primarily":[218,243],"restored":[219],"end-diastolic":[220],"volume":[221],"stroke":[223],"volume.":[224],"Conclusion:":[225],"Fluid":[226,241],"administration":[230],"have":[231],"different":[232],"physiological":[233],"increases":[244],"preload":[245],"intravascular":[247],"volume,":[248],"predominantly":[251],"improves":[252],"through":[255],"inotropic":[256],"vasoconstrictor":[258],"mechanisms.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}