{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225458545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24041982","title":"Socio-Cultural Understanding of Schizophrenia among Caregivers in Meatu District, Tanzania","display_name":"Socio-Cultural Understanding of Schizophrenia among Caregivers in Meatu District, Tanzania","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225458545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24041982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24041982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24041982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24041982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24041982","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161188378","display_name":"Marietha Daudi Msangi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marietha Daudi Msangi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160522418","display_name":"Francis Lyimo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prof. Francis Lyimo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160120349","display_name":"Ludovick Myumbo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Ludovick Myumbo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12980","display_name":"Family Caregiving in Mental Illness","score":0.7099999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12980","display_name":"Family Caregiving in Mental Illness","score":0.7099999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.2687999904155731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12666","display_name":"Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-caregivers","display_name":"family caregivers","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociocultural-beliefs","display_name":"socio-cultural beliefs","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supernatural-beliefs","display_name":"supernatural beliefs","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/witchcraft","display_name":"witchcraft","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma","display_name":"stigma","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-exclusion","display_name":"social exclusion","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-tanzania","display_name":"rural Tanzania","score":0.7459999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.6748999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6251999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.6219000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.5658000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.5378000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.4772000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194943564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129049","display_name":"Participant observation","level":2,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92936396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135710","display_name":"Social constructivism","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12135","display_name":"Mental illness","level":3,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994474205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34394","display_name":"Belief system","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992031374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Constructivist grounded theory","level":4,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019221131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55621107","display_name":"Lived experience","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134659438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5853064","display_name":"Social exclusion","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71760877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368367","display_name":"Cultural identity","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110379092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571836","display_name":"Social environment","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129653","display_name":"Everyday life","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24041982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24041982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24041982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24041983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24041983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24041983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24041982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24041982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24041982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409544520","https://openalex.org/W4406235202","https://openalex.org/W4388627343","https://openalex.org/W2614350570","https://openalex.org/W4226026315","https://openalex.org/W7213303875","https://openalex.org/W1974214196","https://openalex.org/W2031521610","https://openalex.org/W2954621939","https://openalex.org/W2052980727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Schizophrenia":[1],"remains":[2],"a":[3],"major":[4],"public":[5],"health":[6,166,199,204],"concern":[7],"in":[8,47,72],"rural":[9],"Tanzania,":[10],"where":[11],"families":[12],"carry":[13],"the":[14,35,40,58,98],"primary":[15],"responsibility":[16],"for":[17,156,216],"long-term":[18],"care.":[19,163],"Local":[20,183],"cultural":[21,193],"beliefs,":[22],"religious":[23,159],"interpretations":[24],"and":[25,32,74,85,104,124,138,144,153,168,195,214],"everyday":[26,191],"observations":[27],"shape":[28],"how":[29],"caregivers":[30,46,71],"recognise":[31],"respond":[33],"to":[34,165],"condition.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"explored":[39],"socio-cultural":[41],"understanding":[42],"of":[43,77,127,176,185],"schizophrenia":[44,111,186],"among":[45,179],"Meatu":[48],"District.":[49],"Methods:":[50],"A":[51],"qualitative":[52],"case":[53],"study":[54],"design":[55],"guided":[56],"by":[57,102],"constructivist":[59],"paradigm":[60],"was":[61],"used.":[62],"Data":[63],"were":[64,92],"collected":[65],"through":[66,113,190],"interviews":[67,81],"with":[68,82,89,141,197],"13":[69],"family":[70],"Mshikamano":[73],"Mwanbegwa":[75],"villages":[76],"Mwanhuzi":[78],"Ward.":[79],"In-depth":[80],"key":[83],"informants":[84],"focus":[86],"group":[87],"discussions":[88],"selected":[90],"participants":[91],"also":[93],"included.":[94],"Thematic":[95],"analysis":[96],"followed":[97],"six":[99],"stages":[100],"proposed":[101],"Braun":[103],"Clarke":[105],"(2022).":[106],"Key":[107],"Findings:":[108],"Caregivers":[109],"recognized":[110],"mainly":[112],"observable":[114],"behavioral":[115],"changes":[116],"such":[117,132],"as":[118,133],"wandering,":[119],"self-neglect,":[120],"incoherent":[121],"speech,":[122],"hallucinations":[123],"aggression.":[125],"Explanations":[126],"causes":[128],"combined":[129],"supernatural":[130],"beliefs":[131,209],"witchcraft,":[134],"ancestral":[135],"spirits,":[136],"curses":[137],"spiritual":[139],"attacks":[140],"psychosocial,":[142],"biological":[143],"substance-related":[145],"factors.":[146],"These":[147],"understandings":[148],"influenced":[149],"stigma,":[150],"social":[151],"exclusion":[152],"initial":[154],"preference":[155],"traditional":[157],"or":[158],"help":[160],"before":[161],"biomedical":[162,177],"Exposure":[164],"services":[167],"observed":[169],"improvement":[170],"after":[171],"treatment":[172],"gradually":[173],"increased":[174],"acceptance":[175],"explanations":[178],"some":[180],"caregivers.":[181],"Conclusions:":[182],"meanings":[184],"are":[187],"socially":[188],"constructed":[189],"experience,":[192],"knowledge":[194],"interaction":[196],"formal":[198],"services.":[200],"Strengthening":[201],"community":[202],"mental":[203],"education":[205],"that":[206],"engages":[207],"existing":[208],"can":[210],"improve":[211],"early":[212],"recognition":[213],"support":[215],"affected":[217],"families.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}