{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225458347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119259","title":"Beyond the Average Patient: A Population-Focused Review of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease","display_name":"Beyond the Average Patient: A Population-Focused Review of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225458347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.119259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119259","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/546078-beyond-the-average-patient-a-population-focused-review-of-sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2-inhibitors-in-autosomal-dominant-polycystic-kidney-disease.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/546078-beyond-the-average-patient-a-population-focused-review-of-sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2-inhibitors-in-autosomal-dominant-polycystic-kidney-disease.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158524994","display_name":"Aashish Aggarwal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802445252","display_name":"University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02fha3693","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802445252"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aashish Aggarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Internal Medicine , University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Internal Medicine , University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802445252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5158524994"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802445252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11412","display_name":"Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11412","display_name":"Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sglt2-inhibitors","display_name":"SGLT2 inhibitors","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autosomal-dominant-polycystic-kidney-disease","display_name":"autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vasopressin","display_name":"vasopressin","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tolvaptan","display_name":"tolvaptan","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyst-growth","display_name":"cyst growth","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease-progression","display_name":"chronic kidney disease progression","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate","display_name":"estimated glomerular filtration rate","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotypes","display_name":"genotypes","score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"heart failure","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kdigo-guidelines","display_name":"KDIGO guidelines","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-repurposing","display_name":"drug repurposing","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trial-design","display_name":"trial design","score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-heterogeneity","display_name":"patient heterogeneity","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-function-decline","display_name":"renal function decline","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.4269999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.967199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776266639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732398","display_name":"Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","level":3,"score":0.7416999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6291000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5717999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.5110999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188053792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3640664","display_name":"Cotransporter","level":3,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780145431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15443105","display_name":"Polycystic kidney disease","level":3,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018663864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15443105","display_name":"Polycystic kidney","level":3,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100773827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82302467","display_name":"PKD1","level":4,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.2678000032901764}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.119259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119259","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/546078-beyond-the-average-patient-a-population-focused-review-of-sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2-inhibitors-in-autosomal-dominant-polycystic-kidney-disease.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.119259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119259","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/546078-beyond-the-average-patient-a-population-focused-review-of-sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2-inhibitors-in-autosomal-dominant-polycystic-kidney-disease.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313322","display_name":"University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02fha3693"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225458347.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225458347.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984967904","https://openalex.org/W2081094339","https://openalex.org/W2112643254","https://openalex.org/W2125804241","https://openalex.org/W2267397908","https://openalex.org/W2531269403","https://openalex.org/W2756578555","https://openalex.org/W2765795120","https://openalex.org/W2922441540","https://openalex.org/W2939222610","https://openalex.org/W2970683697","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W2974663997","https://openalex.org/W2981186198","https://openalex.org/W2993916007","https://openalex.org/W3004229541","https://openalex.org/W3088173406","https://openalex.org/W4225003979","https://openalex.org/W4288442933","https://openalex.org/W4293353625","https://openalex.org/W4308183941","https://openalex.org/W4312155124","https://openalex.org/W4318677107","https://openalex.org/W4360617829","https://openalex.org/W4385603125","https://openalex.org/W4387311249","https://openalex.org/W4387477465","https://openalex.org/W4390004960","https://openalex.org/W4392924232","https://openalex.org/W4394565530","https://openalex.org/W4400623874","https://openalex.org/W4401350343","https://openalex.org/W4406562387","https://openalex.org/W4406681617","https://openalex.org/W4409252244","https://openalex.org/W4409364438","https://openalex.org/W4410431159","https://openalex.org/W4411956255","https://openalex.org/W4413954525","https://openalex.org/W4416076731","https://openalex.org/W4417271024","https://openalex.org/W7117892327","https://openalex.org/W7119654638","https://openalex.org/W7134109681","https://openalex.org/W7155551683","https://openalex.org/W7165647335","https://openalex.org/W7172321382","https://openalex.org/W7202255735","https://openalex.org/W7202272387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410469161","https://openalex.org/W2783507653","https://openalex.org/W7224955280","https://openalex.org/W7223131024","https://openalex.org/W7063416596","https://openalex.org/W7033766231","https://openalex.org/W4416076731","https://openalex.org/W7134109681","https://openalex.org/W2766174279","https://openalex.org/W4412605880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sodium-glucose":[0],"cotransporter":[1],"2":[2,154],"(SGLT2)":[3],"inhibitors":[4,70,292],"slow":[5,263,348],"the":[6,22,40,65,78,107,182,217,221,229,274,316],"loss":[7],"of":[8,15,17,44,67,90,136],"kidney":[9,19,32,160,187,191,237],"function":[10],"across":[11],"a":[12,50,81,172,194,298],"wide":[13],"range":[14],"causes":[16],"chronic":[18],"disease":[20,33,79],"(CKD).Still,":[21],"trials":[23,271,335,350],"that":[24,64],"established":[25],"this":[26,98,234],"benefit":[27],"excluded":[28],"autosomal":[29],"dominant":[30],"polycystic":[31],"(ADPKD)":[34],"because":[35,83],"these":[36,116],"drugs":[37],"raise":[38],"vasopressin,":[39],"main":[41],"hormonal":[42],"driver":[43],"cyst":[45,224],"growth.Since":[46],"then,":[47,290],"observational":[48],"studies,":[49],"small":[51],"crossover":[52],"trial,":[53,109],"and":[54,95,103,106,110,131,140,171,193,228,239,255,339,358],"two":[55,147],"meta-analyses":[56],"with":[57,152],"differing":[58],"conclusions":[59],"have":[60],"appeared.This":[61],"review":[62],"argues":[63],"question":[66,275],"whether":[68],"SGLT2":[69,291],"work":[71],"in":[72,87,180,219,233,306,311,329],"ADPKD":[73,84],"cannot":[74],"be":[75,332,342],"answered":[76],"for":[77,262,276,286,336],"as":[80,164,168],"whole,":[82],"varies":[85],"widely":[86],"genotype,":[88,355],"rate":[89,199],"progression,":[91],"CKD":[92],"stage,":[93],"comorbidity,":[94],"tolvaptan":[96,280,345,359],"use.In":[97],"structured":[99],"narrative":[100],"review,":[101],"PubMed":[102],"ClinicalTrials.govwere":[104],"searched,":[105],"clinical,":[108],"preclinical":[111],"evidence":[112,205,305],"was":[113],"mapped":[114],"to":[115,166,169,347],"patient":[117],"groups.Thirteen":[118],"clinical":[119],"studies":[120,130],"were":[121],"identified":[122],"(two":[123],"randomised,":[124],"four":[125,128],"comparative":[126],"cohorts,":[127],"single-arm":[129],"three":[132],"case":[133,253],"reports),":[134],"most":[135,287],"them":[137,328],"small,":[138],"short,":[139],"from":[141,146,281],"Japan.The":[142],"reassuring":[143],"data":[144,232,261],"come":[145],"groups:":[148],"older":[149],"patients,":[150],"many":[151],"type":[153],"diabetes":[155],"or":[156,247,259,267,300],"cardiovascular":[157],"disease,":[158],"whose":[159],"decline":[161],"may":[162],"owe":[163],"much":[165],"comorbidity":[167],"cysts;":[170],"few":[173,230,258],"rapidly":[174,211],"progressing":[175],"patients":[176,213],"already":[177],"taking":[178,215],"tolvaptan,":[179,216],"whom":[181,220],"only":[183],"randomised":[184],"trial":[185],"reporting":[186],"outcomes":[188],"found":[189],"slower":[190],"growth":[192,225],"better":[195],"estimated":[196],"glomerular":[197],"filtration":[198],"(eGFR)":[200],"slope":[201],"despite":[202],"higher":[203],"vasopressin.The":[204],"is":[206,226,297],"almost":[207],"silent":[208],"on":[209,304],"young,":[210],"progressive":[212],"not":[214,285,325,341],"group":[218,235],"concern":[222],"about":[223,282],"greatest,":[227],"case-level":[231],"show":[236],"enlargement":[238],"falling":[240],"eGFR.No":[241],"study":[242],"reports":[243],"results":[244,353],"by":[245,354],"genotype":[246],"Mayo":[248],"imaging":[249,356],"class":[250],"beyond":[251],"individual":[252],"descriptions,":[254],"there":[256,296],"are":[257],"no":[260],"progressors,":[264,338],"early":[265],"CKD,":[266],"heart":[268],"failure.Phase":[269],"3":[270],"will":[272],"answer":[273],"rapid":[277,337],"progressors":[278],"off":[279,344],"2030,":[283],"but":[284],"other":[288],"groups.Until":[289],"seem":[293],"reasonable":[294],"when":[295],"diabetic":[299],"heart-failure":[301],"indication,":[302],"based":[303],"those":[307],"conditions":[308],"rather":[309],"than":[310],"ADPKD.The":[312],"KDIGO":[313],"guideline,":[314],"although":[315],"Kidney":[317],"Disease:":[318],"Improving":[319],"Global":[320],"Outcomes":[321],"(KDIGO)":[322],"guideline":[323],"does":[324],"yet":[326],"recommend":[327],"ADPKD.They":[330],"should":[331,340,351],"considered":[333],"within":[334],"used":[343],"solely":[346],"ADPKD.Future":[349],"report":[352],"class,":[357],"use.":[360]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}