{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225458060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24030033","title":"Design and Implementation of an Ultra-Low-Cost Smart Safety Stick with Multi-Level Obstacle Detection and GPS-Based Emergency Communication for Visually Impaired People in Developing Countries","display_name":"Design and Implementation of an Ultra-Low-Cost Smart Safety Stick with Multi-Level Obstacle Detection and GPS-Based Emergency Communication for Visually Impaired People in Developing Countries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225458060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24030033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24030033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24030033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24030033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24030033","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004254419","display_name":"Ashique E Elahi Sadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I305407034","display_name":"Patuakhali Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m50n726","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I305407034"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashique E Elahi Sadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Patuakhali Science and Technology University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Patuakhali Science and Technology University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I305407034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161167182","display_name":"Zihad Hossen Joy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihad Hossen Joy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017073847","display_name":"Arpita Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-1613","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-1613"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arpita Das","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029995779","display_name":"Olly Roy Chowdhury","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olly Roy Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104112963","display_name":"Mohammad Jamal Hossain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Jamal Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13420","display_name":"Arduino and IoT Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visually-impaired","display_name":"visually impaired people","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assistive-technology","display_name":"assistive technology","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-detection","display_name":"obstacle detection","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensors","display_name":"ultrasonic sensors","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-tracking","display_name":"GPS tracking","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-iot-devices","display_name":"low-cost IoT devices","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-detection","display_name":"flood detection","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pothole-detection","display_name":"pothole detection","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-limited-settings","display_name":"resource-limited settings","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangladesh","display_name":"Bangladesh","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777642091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148571","display_name":"Buzzer","level":3,"score":0.7027999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.6322000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5115000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781286587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3693413","display_name":"Cordless","level":2,"score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4037520","display_name":"Doors","level":2,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781372952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Visual impairment","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780929884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Blindness","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780624872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852453","display_name":"Motion detection","level":3,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74558129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43024","display_name":"Short Message Service","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776023743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7234907","display_name":"Pothole (geology)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24030033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24030033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24030033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24030034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24030034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24030034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24030033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24030033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24030033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366967480","https://openalex.org/W7214157165","https://openalex.org/W4206222633","https://openalex.org/W4309287992","https://openalex.org/W7162461598","https://openalex.org/W4384917389","https://openalex.org/W3111085859","https://openalex.org/W4285101275","https://openalex.org/W7125485407","https://openalex.org/W4387348210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"impairment":[1],"significantly":[2],"affects":[3],"the":[4,47,90,111,144,159,166,171],"mobility":[5],"of":[6,33,82,102,122,216,229],"visually":[7,69],"impaired":[8,70],"people":[9,71],"and":[10,96,108,114,131,135,146,173,203,212],"these":[11],"problems":[12],"are":[13,23],"even":[14],"higher":[15],"in":[16,72],"developing":[17],"countries":[18],"like":[19],"Bangladesh":[20],"as":[21],"they":[22],"usually":[24],"accompanied":[25],"by":[26],"undeveloped":[27],"infrastructure,":[28],"open":[29],"drainage":[30],"systems,":[31],"risk":[32],"uncertain":[34],"road":[35],"incidents,":[36],"etc.":[37],"Conventional":[38],"white":[39],"cane":[40],"neither":[41],"provides":[42],"enough":[43],"physical":[44],"feed-back":[45],"to":[46,67,137,141,169,185],"user":[48,172],"nor":[49],"it":[50,206],"supports":[51],"emergency":[52,150,175,240],"communication":[53],"at":[54,104,149,231],"remote":[55],"locations.":[56],"This":[57],"study":[58],"presents":[59],"an":[60,93,174],"affordable,":[61,209],"IoT-enabled":[62],"Smart":[63],"Safety":[64],"Stick":[65],"designed":[66,89],"support":[68],"low-resource":[73],"settings.":[74],"The":[75],"prototype":[76],"has":[77,207,223],"a":[78,128,195],"listed":[79],"material":[80],"cost":[81],"BDT":[83],"2,323":[84],"(approximately":[85],"USD":[86],"18.79).":[87],"We":[88],"stick":[91,160],"with":[92,234],"ESP32":[94],"microcontroller":[95],"three":[97],"ultrasonic":[98],"sensors":[99],"for":[100,119,152,238],"detection":[101,228],"obstacles":[103],"different":[105],"height":[106],"levels":[107],"pothole":[109],"along":[110],"walking":[112,123],"path":[113],"one":[115],"resistive":[116],"water":[117],"sensor":[118],"flood":[120],"conditions":[121],"path.":[124],"It":[125],"also":[126],"equips":[127],"consolidated":[129],"GPS":[130],"GSM":[132],"module":[133],"(NEO-6M":[134],"SIM900A)":[136],"provide":[138],"real-time":[139],"location":[140],"track":[142],"down":[143],"disabled":[145],"transmit":[147],"alerts":[148],"SMS":[151,191],"predefined":[153],"mobile":[154,188],"contacts.":[155],"When":[156],"danger":[157],"identified":[158],"instantly":[161],"produces":[162],"localized":[163],"sound":[164],"from":[165],"active":[167],"buzzer":[168],"alert":[170],"switch":[176],"is":[177],"there":[178],"which":[179],"will":[180],"send":[181],"its":[182],"exact":[183],"coordinates":[184],"previously":[186],"assigned":[187],"contacts":[189],"via":[190],"when":[192],"pressed.":[193],"Utilizing":[194],"local":[196],"power":[197],"distribution":[198],"network":[199],"(18650":[200],"Li-Ion":[201],"Battery":[202],"AMS1117":[204],"Regulator)":[205],"become":[208],"highly":[210],"scalable":[211],"easily":[213],"deployable":[214],"substitute":[215],"high-cost":[217],"advanced":[218],"assistive":[219],"devices.":[220],"Experimental":[221],"analysis":[222],"shown":[224],"trustworthy":[225],"data":[226],"on":[227],"obstacle":[230],"various":[232],"angles":[233],"promising":[235],"latency":[236],"range":[237],"transmitting":[239],"message.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}
