{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225454783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77234-w","title":"A unified model embedding MCC-MLD constitutive laws in Biot\u2019s framework for settlement of Weinan interbedded clay-sand loess foundations","display_name":"A unified model embedding MCC-MLD constitutive laws in Biot\u2019s framework for settlement of Weinan interbedded clay-sand loess foundations","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225454783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77234-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77234-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77234-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77234-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77234-w_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77234-w_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049578114","display_name":"Weiguang Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiguang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chang\u2019an University College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Xi\u2019an, 710054, Shaanxi, China","Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210049, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chang\u2019an University College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Xi\u2019an, 710054, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210049, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003406480","display_name":"Quanzhong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-2666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-2666"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quanzhong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chang\u2019an University College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Xi\u2019an, 710054, Shaanxi, China","Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Ground Fissure and Land Subsidence in Xi\u2019an of Shanxi, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi\u2019an, 710054, Shaanxi, China","Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210049, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-2666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chang\u2019an University College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Xi\u2019an, 710054, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Ground Fissure and Land Subsidence in Xi\u2019an of Shanxi, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi\u2019an, 710054, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210049, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003406480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","score":0.8695999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","score":0.8695999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.0471000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13862","display_name":"Soil, Finite Element Methods","score":0.03779999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consolidation-settlement","display_name":"consolidation settlement","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modified-cam-clay-model","display_name":"modified Cam-clay model","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-breakage","display_name":"particle breakage","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biot-consolidation-theory","display_name":"Biot consolidation theory","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastoplastic-constitutive-model","display_name":"elastoplastic constitutive model","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steady-state-creep","display_name":"steady-state creep","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pore-pressure-dissipation","display_name":"pore pressure dissipation","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardening-rule","display_name":"hardening law","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/settlement-prediction","display_name":"settlement prediction","score":0.4830000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.7893000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185515318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22723","display_name":"Loess","level":2,"score":0.7670999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6615999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6376000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45493050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7884934","display_name":"Unified Model","level":2,"score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46451288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080745","display_name":"Unified field theory","level":2,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.25850000977516174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77234-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77234-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77234-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77234-w_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77234-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77234-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77234-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77234-w_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1453134738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41877250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3408926618","display_name":"\u6b63\u65ad\u578b\u9690\u4f0f\u5730\u88c2\u7f1d\u7834\u88c2\u6269\u5c55\u7efc\u5408\u6548\u5e94\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41272284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225454783.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225454783.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514624257","https://openalex.org/W1552100321","https://openalex.org/W1827491820","https://openalex.org/W1970614528","https://openalex.org/W1985838717","https://openalex.org/W1995995142","https://openalex.org/W1999029470","https://openalex.org/W2002355164","https://openalex.org/W2002938602","https://openalex.org/W2002977504","https://openalex.org/W2006458719","https://openalex.org/W2011710222","https://openalex.org/W2032647553","https://openalex.org/W2046581516","https://openalex.org/W2057483444","https://openalex.org/W2062137636","https://openalex.org/W2065746893","https://openalex.org/W2068608807","https://openalex.org/W2080477456","https://openalex.org/W2083963849","https://openalex.org/W2135318193","https://openalex.org/W2162712801","https://openalex.org/W2249978470","https://openalex.org/W2317857235","https://openalex.org/W2332871698","https://openalex.org/W2470679494","https://openalex.org/W2524125077","https://openalex.org/W2970279897","https://openalex.org/W2970350697","https://openalex.org/W2999322461","https://openalex.org/W3016924196","https://openalex.org/W4205199601","https://openalex.org/W4283383326","https://openalex.org/W4383665483","https://openalex.org/W4413276380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2741801270","https://openalex.org/W2022488900","https://openalex.org/W3121002427","https://openalex.org/W2058903801","https://openalex.org/W2347425103","https://openalex.org/W2211536005","https://openalex.org/W4233502257","https://openalex.org/W4234535313","https://openalex.org/W4205171112","https://openalex.org/W7162996924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Consolidation":[0],"settlement":[1,121,158],"prediction":[2],"in":[3,48,118,122,196],"interbedded":[4],"clay\u2013sand":[5,138],"loess":[6],"foundations":[7],"is":[8,72,159],"complicated":[9],"by":[10,150,170],"stratigraphic":[11],"heterogeneity":[12],"and":[13,44,61,85,131,183,203,234],"hydromechanical":[14],"coupling":[15],"that":[16],"homogeneous-soil":[17],"models":[18],"cannot":[19],"capture.":[20],"This":[21],"study":[22],"presents":[23],"an":[24],"integrated":[25],"elastoplastic":[26],"framework":[27],"combining":[28],"the":[29,36,53,106,135,151,197,207,214,228],"Modified":[30],"Cam-Clay":[31],"model":[32,38,173,215],"for":[33,39,52,58,82,90,181],"loessial":[34],"clay,":[35,59,148],"Wright\u2013Duncan":[37],"sand":[40,141,165],"with":[41,76,161],"particle":[42],"breakage,":[43],"Biot\u2019s":[45],"consolidation":[46,127,226],"theory":[47],"a":[49,86,93,110,185],"unified":[50],"implementation":[51,98],"Weinan":[54,208],"plain,":[55],"China.":[56],"Parameters":[57],"sand,":[60],"transitional":[62],"interlayers":[63],"came":[64],"from":[65,105],"20":[66],"borehole":[67,103],"samples.":[68],"Although":[69],"each":[70],"component":[71],"established,":[73],"their":[74],"integration":[75],"site-specific":[77],"enhancements\u2014a":[78],"structure-dependent":[79],"yield":[80],"surface":[81],"shallow":[83,229],"clay":[84,167],"breakage-dependent":[87],"hardening":[88],"law":[89],"deep":[91,219],"sand\u2014constitutes":[92],"practical":[94],"advancement.":[95],"The":[96,172],"numerical":[97],"via":[99],"Python-Matlab,":[100],"validated":[101],"against":[102],"data":[104],"same":[107],"site":[108,209],"using":[109],"reserved":[111],"validation":[112],"set":[113],"(6":[114],"boreholes":[115],"not":[116],"used":[117],"calibration),":[119],"reveals":[120],"three":[123],"stages\u2014elastic":[124],"rebound,":[125],"primary":[126],"(70\u201380%":[128],"of":[129,145,225],"total),":[130],"secondary":[132],"creep\u2014peaking":[133],"at":[134],"20\u201330":[136],"m":[137],"interface,":[139],"where":[140],"dilatancy":[142],"transfers":[143],"12\u201318%":[144],"stress":[146],"to":[147,218],"quantified":[149],"proposed":[152],"\u03b3\u2013\u03bc":[153],"interface":[154],"parameter":[155],"system.":[156],"Spatially,":[157],"shallow-dominated":[160],"deep-layer":[162],"lag;":[163],"temporally,":[164],"accelerates":[166],"pore-pressure":[168],"dissipation":[169],"35\u201340%.":[171],"attains":[174],"\u00b1":[175,179],"5%":[176],"accuracy":[177],"versus":[178],"25%":[180],"homogenization":[182],"establishes":[184],"closed-loop":[186],"monitoring\u2013inversion\u2013updating":[187],"workflow.":[188],"Assuming":[189],"full":[190],"saturation,":[191],"it":[192],"neglects":[193],"matric-suction":[194],"effects":[195],"vadose":[198],"zone,":[199],"including":[200],"water-table":[201],"fluctuations":[202],"dry\u2013wet":[204],"cycles.":[205],"At":[206],"(water":[210],"table":[211],"15\u201325":[212],"m),":[213],"applies":[216],"directly":[217],"saturated":[220],"strata,":[221],"contributing":[222],"most":[223],"(70\u201380%)":[224],"settlement;":[227],"unsaturated":[230],"zone":[231],"requires":[232],"caution":[233],"further":[235],"characterization.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}
