{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225453685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730","title":"The impact of natural disasters on external debt and FDI in the developing economies","display_name":"The impact of natural disasters on external debt and FDI in the developing economies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225453685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40285785","display_name":"Journal of Applied Economics","issn_l":"1514-0326","issn":["1514-0326","1667-6726"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075296136","display_name":"Ali Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7661-9761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7661-9761","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5499-3517","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4878-2748"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Economic Research, Shandong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5499-3517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Research, Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004011355","display_name":"Muhammad Zahid Rafique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-1888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-1888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280419","display_name":"Quanzhou University of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02xchqy34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zahid Rafique","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Quanzhou University of Information Engineering"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-1888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Quanzhou University of Information Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089488393","display_name":"Abdul Majeed Nadeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-0838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-0838"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43879129","display_name":"Government College University, Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/040gec961","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Majeed Nadeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Government College University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-0838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Government College University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004011355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280419"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1533},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1533},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.7095000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.7095000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.09200000017881393,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.03519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-disasters","display_name":"natural disasters","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-debt","display_name":"external debt","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-resilient-infrastructure","display_name":"climate-resilient infrastructure","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-stability","display_name":"macroeconomic stability","score":0.8560000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44171179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461319","display_name":"External debt","level":3,"score":0.7556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166566181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8065","display_name":"Natural disaster","level":2,"score":0.720300018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.6822999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.6747000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6402000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.5455999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.474700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.4690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202189257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915683","display_name":"Internal debt","level":3,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778776786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455109","display_name":"External financing","level":3,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994482091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12695","display_name":"Sovereign debt","level":4,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780747039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773335","display_name":"Debt crisis","level":3,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49630185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6980675","display_name":"Natural experiment","level":2,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186229450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008","display_name":"Sovereignty","level":3,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22270272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5248601","display_name":"Debt levels and flows","level":4,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160050368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132453","display_name":"Developed country","level":3,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106210156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1559695","display_name":"Debt-to-GDP ratio","level":4,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779685004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570293","display_name":"Terms of trade","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776988154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66100","display_name":"Exchange rate","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162748667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683131","display_name":"Generalized method of moments","level":3,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40285785","display_name":"Journal of Applied Economics","issn_l":"1514-0326","issn":["1514-0326","1667-6726"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2f13841ffe904eff9289c5b8993a430b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2f13841ffe904eff9289c5b8993a430b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Economics, Vol 30, Iss 1 (2027)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15140326.2026.2756730?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40285785","display_name":"Journal of Applied Economics","issn_l":"1514-0326","issn":["1514-0326","1667-6726"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799},{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5217000246047974}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8130817076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72373083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225453685.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225453685.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140456784","https://openalex.org/W1480431940","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2035554302","https://openalex.org/W2054247476","https://openalex.org/W2057837152","https://openalex.org/W2064342497","https://openalex.org/W2074195849","https://openalex.org/W2123136623","https://openalex.org/W2165957118","https://openalex.org/W2203643024","https://openalex.org/W2414353478","https://openalex.org/W2580858283","https://openalex.org/W2788882853","https://openalex.org/W2801150822","https://openalex.org/W2885047400","https://openalex.org/W2946952897","https://openalex.org/W2955985812","https://openalex.org/W2994065137","https://openalex.org/W3003357591","https://openalex.org/W3004140177","https://openalex.org/W3004950485","https://openalex.org/W3005324823","https://openalex.org/W3017235662","https://openalex.org/W3032537664","https://openalex.org/W3042006034","https://openalex.org/W3090597032","https://openalex.org/W3092601319","https://openalex.org/W3120178473","https://openalex.org/W3121770345","https://openalex.org/W3127725870","https://openalex.org/W3134474629","https://openalex.org/W3161260717","https://openalex.org/W3170380245","https://openalex.org/W3194154890","https://openalex.org/W3214168473","https://openalex.org/W4220961186","https://openalex.org/W4225710817","https://openalex.org/W4229445397","https://openalex.org/W4233458556","https://openalex.org/W4283794315","https://openalex.org/W4286461856","https://openalex.org/W4287878848","https://openalex.org/W4292410852","https://openalex.org/W4313856325","https://openalex.org/W4319159271","https://openalex.org/W4319793675","https://openalex.org/W4323544540","https://openalex.org/W4323823240","https://openalex.org/W4381948408","https://openalex.org/W4384765212","https://openalex.org/W4385981285","https://openalex.org/W4387835026","https://openalex.org/W4389728002","https://openalex.org/W4390368532","https://openalex.org/W4394935143","https://openalex.org/W4399385103","https://openalex.org/W4400829935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7037367096","https://openalex.org/W3194154890","https://openalex.org/W3134222054","https://openalex.org/W3092601319","https://openalex.org/W1834663242","https://openalex.org/W4396803530","https://openalex.org/W4399571473","https://openalex.org/W3042006034","https://openalex.org/W4413291373","https://openalex.org/W7092196175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"decades,":[2],"developing":[3,44],"countries":[4,45],"have":[5],"faced":[6],"an":[7],"increase":[8,77],"in":[9,13],"natural":[10,23,74,88,119],"disasters,":[11],"resulting":[12],"substantial":[14],"economic":[15],"loss.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"investigates":[19],"the":[20,85],"effects":[21],"of":[22,42,57,118],"disasters":[24,75,89,120],"on":[25,100,107],"two":[26],"key":[27],"macroeconomic":[28,144],"indicators:":[29],"external":[30,78,101,123],"debt":[31,124],"and":[32,90,121,139],"foreign":[33],"direct":[34],"investment":[35],"(FDI).":[36],"Using":[37],"a":[38,52,93,97,104],"balanced":[39],"panel":[40],"dataset":[41],"75":[43],"from":[46],"2000":[47],"to":[48,65,142],"2022,":[49],"we":[50,114],"apply":[51],"two-stage":[53],"system":[54],"generalized":[55],"method":[56],"moments":[58],"(Sys-GMM)":[59],"approach":[60],"alongside":[61],"three":[62],"static":[63],"models":[64],"account":[66],"for":[67,127],"potential":[68],"heterogeneity.":[69],"Our":[70],"findings":[71,131],"show":[72],"that":[73],"significantly":[76],"debt,":[79,102],"while":[80],"adversely":[81],"affecting":[82],"FDI.":[83],"Moreover,":[84],"interaction":[86],"between":[87],"trade":[91],"has":[92],"dual":[94],"impact,":[95],"exerting":[96],"negative":[98],"effect":[99],"but":[103],"positive":[105],"influence":[106],"FDI":[108],"inflows.":[109],"To":[110],"address":[111],"temporal":[112],"dynamics,":[113],"analyzed":[115],"five":[116],"lags":[117],"found":[122],"increases":[125],"persist":[126],"5":[128],"years.":[129],"These":[130],"suggest":[132],"policymakers":[133],"should":[134],"strengthen":[135],"sovereign":[136],"risk":[137],"financing":[138],"climate-resilient":[140],"infrastructure":[141],"protect":[143],"stability.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}
