{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225452500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/pthbr-hyg73","title":"KAPI Insurance Fraud and KAPA Investment Scam: Chronology of Faith-Based Wealth Transfer in the Philippines","display_name":"KAPI Insurance Fraud and KAPA Investment Scam: Chronology of Faith-Based Wealth Transfer in the Philippines","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225452500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/pthbr-hyg73"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17613/bd2py-bb385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/bd2py-bb385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/bd2py-bb385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/bd2py-bb385","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151903803","display_name":"Rosalia Rosal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9072-7141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9072-7141"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rosalia Rosal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9072-7141","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5151903803"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14373","display_name":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","score":0.8794000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14373","display_name":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","score":0.8794000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13636","display_name":"Pentecostalism and Christianity Studies","score":0.058800000697374344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13005","display_name":"Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices","score":0.01119999960064888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-fraud","display_name":"insurance fraud","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-scams","display_name":"investment scams","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-organizations","display_name":"religious organizations","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-fraud","display_name":"health insurance fraud","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/securities-and-exchange-commission","display_name":"Securities and Exchange Commission","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-commission","display_name":"insurance commission","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020299011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626608","display_name":"Life insurance","level":2,"score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895105","display_name":"Interim","level":2,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841236","display_name":"Imprisonment","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521751864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729207","display_name":"Christian ministry","level":2,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103565092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159421","display_name":"Savings account","level":2,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91302708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732056","display_name":"Ledger","level":2,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502918","display_name":"Counterfeit","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95480931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5287668","display_name":"Documentary evidence","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779999868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191891","display_name":"Fiscal year","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17613/bd2py-bb385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/bd2py-bb385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/bd2py-bb385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.17613/pthbr-hyg73","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/pthbr-hyg73","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/pthbr-hyg73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17613/bd2py-bb385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17613/bd2py-bb385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17613/bd2py-bb385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401541","display_name":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","host_organization_name":"Lakehead University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223403619","https://openalex.org/W7220416425","https://openalex.org/W7079546765","https://openalex.org/W2225667502","https://openalex.org/W4416829332","https://openalex.org/W2586383974","https://openalex.org/W7009861260","https://openalex.org/W3111144167","https://openalex.org/W7071059729","https://openalex.org/W3185176478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"Philippine":[1,286],"religious":[2,383],"organizations":[3],"raised":[4],"money":[5,427],"from":[6],"their":[7,18,183,382],"members":[8,34,64,313],"on":[9,113,159,192,238],"promises":[10],"framed":[11],"in":[12,29,40,78,84,96,103,258,304,329,349,388,416,452],"the":[13,132,135,169,177,218,242,259,279,281,285,320,373,443,447,466,479],"language":[14],"of":[15,49,90,116,134,138,147,201,211,309,367,399,412,468],"faith,":[16,400],"and":[17,56,87,95,107,130,164,173,203,237,271,275,284,318,343,346,361,379,401,423,450,474,477],"fates":[19],"diverged.":[20],"KAPA":[21,418],"Community":[22],"Ministry":[23],"International,":[24],"founded":[25,124],"by":[26,125,377,472],"Joel":[27],"Apolinario":[28,106],"Surigao":[30],"del":[31],"Sur,":[32],"asked":[33],"to":[35,110,155,253,278,436,441],"\"donate\"":[36],"at":[37],"least":[38],"\u20b110,000":[39],"exchange":[41],"for":[42,52,182,325,344],"a":[43,81,88,99,128,153,167,199,347,397,431,455],"monthly":[44],"\"blessing\"":[45],"or":[46,233],"\"love":[47],"gift\"":[48],"30":[50],"percent":[51,210,334],"life.":[53],"The":[54,72,457],"Securities":[55],"Exchange":[57],"Commission":[58],"estimated":[59],"that":[60,93,176,189,217,248,296,307,319,381,445,481],"some":[61],"five":[62],"million":[63,340],"had":[65,435],"placed":[66],"about":[67,151],"\u20b150":[68],"billion":[69,303],"with":[70],"it.":[71,484],"SEC":[73],"issued":[74],"its":[75,160,212,310,439],"first":[76],"advisory":[77],"March":[79],"2017,":[80],"cease-and-desist":[82],"order":[83],"February":[85],"2019,":[86],"revocation":[89],"KAPA's":[91],"registration":[92],"April,":[94],"December":[97],"2023":[98],"regional":[100],"trial":[101],"court":[102],"Butuan":[104],"sentenced":[105],"two":[108,374],"incorporators":[109],"life":[111],"imprisonment":[112],"eight":[114],"counts":[115],"syndicated":[117,469],"estafa.":[118],"Kabalikat":[119],"sa":[120],"Pamamahayag":[121],"International":[122,140,206],"(KAPI),":[123],"Daniel":[126],"Razon,":[127],"broadcaster":[129],"now":[131],"leader":[133],"Members":[136,149],"Church":[137],"God":[139],"(MCGI),":[141],"promised":[142,415],"health":[143],"insurance":[144,190,256,316],"protection":[145],"instead":[146],"prosperity.":[148],"paid":[150,324],"\u20b11,200":[152],"month":[154,422],"keep":[156],"MCGI's":[157,359],"preaching":[158],"media":[161],"platforms":[162],"UNTV":[163],"Wish":[165],"107.5,":[166],"purpose":[168],"church":[170],"called":[171],"propagation,":[172],"were":[174,405],"told":[175],"subscription":[178],"carried":[179],"health-insurance":[180],"policy":[181,191,269],"families.":[184],"An":[185],"MCGI":[186,292],"minister":[187],"explained":[188],"video;":[193],"he":[194],"is":[195,250,336],"Danilo":[196],"V.":[197],"Navales,":[198],"director":[200],"Breakthrough":[202],"Milestones":[204],"Productions":[205],"(BMPI)":[207],"holding":[208],"4.83":[209],"shares.":[213],"Earlier":[214],"research":[215],"found":[216,267],"KAPI":[219,249,297,429],"materials":[220],"identify":[221],"no":[222,268,272],"conventional":[223],"insurer,":[224],"written":[225],"policy,":[226],"defined":[227],"coverage":[228],"schedule,":[229],"assigned":[230],"benefit":[231,432],"value,":[232],"formal":[234],"claims":[235,273],"mechanism,":[236],"October":[239],"22,":[240],"2026,":[241],"Insurance":[243],"Commission's":[244],"Licensing":[245],"Division":[246],"confirmed":[247],"not":[251],"licensed":[252],"transact":[254],"any":[255],"business":[257],"Philippines.":[260],"A":[261,290],"former":[262,291],"contributor":[263],"who":[264,404],"fell":[265],"ill":[266],"number":[270],"office,":[274],"was":[276],"directed":[277],"barangay,":[280],"local":[282],"government,":[283],"Charity":[287],"Sweepstakes":[288],"Office.":[289],"national":[293],"treasurer":[294],"states":[295],"collected":[298],"as":[299,301,338,393],"much":[300],"\u20b11.3":[302],"ten":[305],"years,":[306],"none":[308],"roughly":[311],"10,000":[312],"received":[314],"an":[315],"benefit,":[317],"surplus":[321],"beyond":[322],"broadcasting":[323],"privately":[326],"held":[327],"shares":[328],"BMPI,":[330],"where":[331,351],"Razon's":[332],"58.33":[333],"stake":[335],"recorded":[337],"\u20b1175":[339],"fully":[341],"paid,":[342],"companies":[345],"residence":[348],"Brazil,":[350],"tax":[352],"authorities":[353],"later":[354],"upheld":[355],"fraud-level":[356],"penalties":[357],"against":[358],"founder":[360],"his":[362],"assistant":[363],"over":[364],"foreign":[365],"receipts":[366],"unproven":[368],"origin.":[369],"This":[370],"essay":[371,458],"reconstructs":[372],"schemes":[375],"side":[376,378],"argues":[380],"element":[384],"did":[385],"similar":[386],"work":[387],"each:":[389],"it":[390,433],"recast":[391],"payment":[392],"devotion,":[394],"made":[395],"doubt":[396],"failure":[398],"supplied":[402],"recruiters":[403],"also":[406],"believers.":[407],"Their":[408],"outcomes":[409],"differed":[410],"because":[411],"what":[413],"each":[414],"return.":[417],"owed":[419,430],"cash":[420],"every":[421],"collapsed":[424],"once":[425],"new":[426],"slowed;":[428],"rarely":[434],"honor,":[437],"used":[438],"collections":[440],"fund":[442],"broadcasts":[444],"recruited":[446],"next":[448],"subscribers,":[449],"closed":[451],"2021":[453],"without":[454],"prosecution.":[456],"sets":[459],"out":[460],"how":[461],"KAPI's":[462],"record":[463],"maps":[464],"onto":[465],"elements":[467],"estafa,":[470],"estafa":[471],"conversion,":[473],"unlicensed":[475],"insurance,":[476],"identifies":[478],"agencies":[480],"could":[482],"test":[483]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}