{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225451604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2","title":"Heavy metal contamination and associated risks in agricultural soil and crops under industrial land sprawling in Central Bangladesh","display_name":"Heavy metal contamination and associated risks in agricultural soil and crops under industrial land sprawling in Central Bangladesh","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225451604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404676319","display_name":"Discover Soil.","issn_l":"3005-1223","issn":["3005-1223"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317082","host_organization_name":"Academy of Medicine, Singapore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317082"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Medicine, Singapore"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Soil","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161199847","display_name":"Arjun Sarker Piash","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41173762","display_name":"Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gvj4587","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjun Sarker Piash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161169891","display_name":"Shimul Roy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41173762","display_name":"Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gvj4587","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shimul Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067236271","display_name":"Md. Ferdous Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-7556","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-7556"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Ferdous Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062659655","display_name":"Iqbal Bahar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41173762","display_name":"Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gvj4587","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iqbal Bahar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054439080","display_name":"Nirmal Chandra Dafader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-0804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-0804"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nirmal Chandra Dafader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084546193","display_name":"Tanmoy Roy Tusher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2088-9180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2088-9180"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41173762","display_name":"Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gvj4587","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tanmoy Roy Tusher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2088-9180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084546193"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13079","display_name":"Heavy Metals in Plants","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-pollution","display_name":"heavy metal contamination","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-soils","display_name":"agricultural soils","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-crops","display_name":"food crops","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioaccumulation-factor","display_name":"bioaccumulation factor","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-load-index","display_name":"pollution load index","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-risk-index","display_name":"ecological risk index","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-risk-assessment","display_name":"health risk assessment","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-exposure","display_name":"dietary exposure","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium","display_name":"chromium","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"copper","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese","display_name":"manganese","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nickel","display_name":"nickel","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice","display_name":"rice","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetables","display_name":"vegetables","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-wastewater","display_name":"industrial wastewater","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangladesh","display_name":"Bangladesh","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-health-risk","display_name":"human health risk","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-pollution-monitoring","display_name":"soil contamination monitoring","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-safety","display_name":"food safety","score":0.3089999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.796500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71572567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864231","display_name":"Bioaccumulation","level":2,"score":0.7222999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.6449000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.5824999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65580899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212734","display_name":"Soil contamination","level":3,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778330403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4693969","display_name":"Agricultural pollution","level":3,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502990516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3395383","display_name":"Agricultural land","level":3,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50516716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877107","display_name":"Soil test","level":3,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539469273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749732","display_name":"Environmental monitoring","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155373166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159462","display_name":"Food chain","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909722689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212734","display_name":"Soil Pollutants","level":4,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152494472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386963","display_name":"Soil classification","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404676319","display_name":"Discover Soil.","issn_l":"3005-1223","issn":["3005-1223"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317082","host_organization_name":"Academy of Medicine, Singapore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317082"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Medicine, Singapore"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Soil","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2017937b9c36466cae3c7d98bcabb5e4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2017937b9c36466cae3c7d98bcabb5e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Soil, Vol 3, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44378-026-00370-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404676319","display_name":"Discover Soil.","issn_l":"3005-1223","issn":["3005-1223"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317082","host_organization_name":"Academy of Medicine, Singapore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317082"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Medicine, Singapore"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Soil","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.8409000039100647}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225451604.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225451604.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W990113952","https://openalex.org/W1538427481","https://openalex.org/W1965307799","https://openalex.org/W1969341590","https://openalex.org/W1970193773","https://openalex.org/W1972568665","https://openalex.org/W1973928435","https://openalex.org/W1977110993","https://openalex.org/W1980540628","https://openalex.org/W1981574592","https://openalex.org/W1992252175","https://openalex.org/W1993809154","https://openalex.org/W1999194815","https://openalex.org/W2000992681","https://openalex.org/W2002230747","https://openalex.org/W2013215894","https://openalex.org/W2013515083","https://openalex.org/W2019790080","https://openalex.org/W2020445943","https://openalex.org/W2057966005","https://openalex.org/W2062257078","https://openalex.org/W2063676948","https://openalex.org/W2063744084","https://openalex.org/W2069581293","https://openalex.org/W2078060413","https://openalex.org/W2078447791","https://openalex.org/W2092866871","https://openalex.org/W2124515580","https://openalex.org/W2128990122","https://openalex.org/W2141191982","https://openalex.org/W2166229144","https://openalex.org/W2260336618","https://openalex.org/W2276867382","https://openalex.org/W2301161102","https://openalex.org/W2478196837","https://openalex.org/W2486400179","https://openalex.org/W2766677791","https://openalex.org/W2793825464","https://openalex.org/W2802157645","https://openalex.org/W2807707884","https://openalex.org/W2904556341","https://openalex.org/W2909494483","https://openalex.org/W2924893359","https://openalex.org/W2952969104","https://openalex.org/W2998330721","https://openalex.org/W3037231194","https://openalex.org/W3127266145","https://openalex.org/W3131709137","https://openalex.org/W3167842222","https://openalex.org/W3169634855","https://openalex.org/W3178060982","https://openalex.org/W3197322557","https://openalex.org/W3202939316","https://openalex.org/W3206847136","https://openalex.org/W4213160493","https://openalex.org/W4220869891","https://openalex.org/W4220883591","https://openalex.org/W4255635675","https://openalex.org/W4283738086","https://openalex.org/W4292615876","https://openalex.org/W4294192823","https://openalex.org/W4309574462","https://openalex.org/W4322102245","https://openalex.org/W4322490854","https://openalex.org/W4362639591","https://openalex.org/W4368340981","https://openalex.org/W4386986349","https://openalex.org/W4387954006","https://openalex.org/W4388724597","https://openalex.org/W4390047541","https://openalex.org/W4391426070","https://openalex.org/W4392843679","https://openalex.org/W4400379729","https://openalex.org/W4401435143","https://openalex.org/W4401932358","https://openalex.org/W4402512022","https://openalex.org/W4402639000","https://openalex.org/W4402899556","https://openalex.org/W4404652374","https://openalex.org/W4407097328","https://openalex.org/W4408474166","https://openalex.org/W4413020116","https://openalex.org/W7126075110"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417231656","https://openalex.org/W7222881253","https://openalex.org/W3047400133","https://openalex.org/W4415305082","https://openalex.org/W2978673041","https://openalex.org/W4411214952","https://openalex.org/W2960647155","https://openalex.org/W7171572586","https://openalex.org/W4416422728","https://openalex.org/W3127266145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heavy":[0],"metal":[1],"(HM)":[2],"contamination":[3],"in":[4,23,31,38,46,58,66,114,122,125,153,167,191,197,201,285],"agricultural":[5,13,32,64,269],"soils":[6,59,270],"and":[7,17,34,56,60,80,85,91,93,106,108,117,143,151,155,161,181,183,189,199,209,271,278],"crops":[8,61,118],"pose":[9],"serious":[10],"threats":[11],"to":[12,98,233,257,281],"productivity,":[14],"environmental":[15,211],"quality,":[16],"human":[18,109],"health.":[19],"Rapid":[20],"industrial":[21,39,74,276],"expansion":[22],"Bangladesh":[24,68],"has":[25],"increased":[26],"concerns":[27],"about":[28],"HM":[29,49,94,112,283],"accumulation":[30],"lands":[33],"the":[35,163,244,263],"associated":[36,253],"risks":[37,235,252],"areas.":[40,288],"This":[41],"study":[42],"investigated":[43],"seasonal":[44],"variations":[45,129],"potentially":[47],"toxic":[48],"concentrations":[50,95,113,135,173],"(Cr,":[51],"Cu,":[52,139],"Mn,":[53,140],"Ni,":[54,141],"Zn,":[55,142],"Cd)":[57],"collected":[62,88],"from":[63],"fields":[65],"central":[67],"that":[69],"are":[70],"influenced":[71],"by":[72],"multiple":[73,258],"activities.":[75],"Surface":[76],"soil":[77,116,225,241],"(0\u201315":[78],"cm)":[79],"edible":[81],"crop":[82],"samples":[83],"(vegetables":[84],"rice)":[86],"were":[87,96,119,130,145,175],"during":[89],"winter":[90,123,172,198],"summer,":[92,126],"analyzed":[97],"determine":[99],"bioaccumulation":[100],"factors":[101],"(BaF),":[102],"pollution":[103,242],"levels,":[104],"sources,":[105],"ecological":[107,228],"health":[110,245],"risks.":[111],"both":[115],"generally":[120],"higher":[121],"than":[124],"although":[127],"metal-specific":[128],"observed.":[131],"In":[132,169],"soils,":[133],"mean":[134],"(mg/kg)":[136,174],"of":[137,213,268,275],"Cr,":[138],"Cd":[144],"40.88,":[146],"5.16,":[147],"192.31,":[148],"55.80,":[149],"279.14,":[150],"0.92":[152],"winter,":[154],"39.52,":[156],"4.27,":[157],"189.65,":[158],"56.62,":[159],"274.78,":[160],"below":[162],"detection":[164],"limit":[165],"(BDL)":[166],"summer.":[168,192,202],"crops,":[170,272],"corresponding":[171],"83.34,":[176],"12.11,":[177],"390.80,":[178],"106.13,":[179],"891.89,":[180],"BDL,":[182],"45.57,":[184],"12.21,":[185],"300.76,":[186],"92.18,":[187],"376.80,":[188],"BDL":[190],"BaF":[193],"values":[194],"followed":[195],"Zn>Cu>Cr>Mn>Ni>Cd":[196],"Cu>Zn>Ni>Mn>Cr>Cd":[200],"Correlation":[203],"analysis":[204],"suggested":[205],"possible":[206],"common":[207],"sources":[208],"similar":[210],"behavior":[212],"several":[214],"HMs.":[215,259],"Pollution":[216],"load":[217],"indices":[218,230],"(Pi":[219],"\u2264":[220],"1.0)":[221],"indicated":[222,248],"relatively":[223,239],"low-level":[224],"pollution,":[226],"while":[227],"risk":[229,246],"showed":[231],"low":[232,240],"moderate":[234],"(Ri:":[236],"5.41\u2013187.41).":[237],"Despite":[238],"indices,":[243],"assessment":[247],"potential":[249],"chronic":[250],"non-carcinogenic":[251],"with":[254],"dietary":[255],"exposure":[256,284],"These":[260],"findings":[261],"highlight":[262],"need":[264],"for":[265],"regular":[266],"monitoring":[267],"effective":[273],"management":[274],"wastewater,":[277],"appropriate":[279],"measures":[280],"minimize":[282],"rapidly":[286],"industrializing":[287]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}