{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225451252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048261500087","title":"Employment and Earnings Outcomes for Dual Enrollment Participants","display_name":"Employment and Earnings Outcomes for Dual Enrollment Participants","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225451252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048261500087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/08959048261500087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048261500087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048261500087","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/08959048261500087?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94971995","display_name":"Educational Policy","issn_l":"0895-9048","issn":["0895-9048","1552-3896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/08959048261500087?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024697248","display_name":"Julie A. Edmunds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-8413","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-8413"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julie A. Edmunds","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-8413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151081438","display_name":"Brian Phillips","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6623-2793","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6623-2793"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAND, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6623-2793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAND, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038039748","display_name":"Christine Mulhern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-1900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-1900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Mulhern","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAND, Santa Monica, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-1900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAND, Santa Monica, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024697248"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.5576000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.5576000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.12839999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.09799999743700027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-enrollment","display_name":"dual enrollment","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education","display_name":"vocational education","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-transfer","display_name":"college transfer","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postsecondary-education-access","display_name":"postsecondary education access","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-effects","display_name":"employment effects","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earnings","display_name":"earnings","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce-outcomes","display_name":"workforce outcomes","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment-insurance","display_name":"unemployment insurance","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgroup-differences","display_name":"subgroup differences","score":0.6489999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.7423999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.6371999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.6155999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780500016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310200","display_name":"Dual enrollment","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984407347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9166713","display_name":"Postsecondary education","level":3,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778979077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330190","display_name":"Receipt","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/08959048261500087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048261500087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048261500087","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/08959048261500087?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94971995","display_name":"Educational Policy","issn_l":"0895-9048","issn":["0895-9048","1552-3896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/08959048261500087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048261500087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048261500087","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/08959048261500087?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94971995","display_name":"Educational Policy","issn_l":"0895-9048","issn":["0895-9048","1552-3896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332210","display_name":"Institute of Education Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04et59085"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225451252.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225451252.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982677222","https://openalex.org/W1995233923","https://openalex.org/W2006513217","https://openalex.org/W2048470090","https://openalex.org/W2060316606","https://openalex.org/W2122217562","https://openalex.org/W2137370054","https://openalex.org/W2155934782","https://openalex.org/W2160988077","https://openalex.org/W2167031394","https://openalex.org/W2176973753","https://openalex.org/W2235404584","https://openalex.org/W2562543045","https://openalex.org/W2590012166","https://openalex.org/W2626704269","https://openalex.org/W2726066848","https://openalex.org/W2929057889","https://openalex.org/W2993630856","https://openalex.org/W3012999149","https://openalex.org/W3020856119","https://openalex.org/W4229493985","https://openalex.org/W4285654526","https://openalex.org/W4293249177","https://openalex.org/W4293869338","https://openalex.org/W4320016656","https://openalex.org/W4362726691","https://openalex.org/W4366598661","https://openalex.org/W4381194535","https://openalex.org/W4386953873","https://openalex.org/W4394563865","https://openalex.org/W4402923794","https://openalex.org/W4404599524","https://openalex.org/W7127110240","https://openalex.org/W7155046206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7163983906","https://openalex.org/W4362726691","https://openalex.org/W4386953873","https://openalex.org/W3020856119","https://openalex.org/W7155046206","https://openalex.org/W7160845941","https://openalex.org/W2929057889","https://openalex.org/W7135027691","https://openalex.org/W2190944898","https://openalex.org/W2590012166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dual":[0],"enrollment,":[1],"or":[2],"college":[3],"courses":[4,40],"taken":[5],"in":[6,32],"high":[7],"school,":[8],"is":[9],"an":[10],"increasingly":[11],"common":[12],"strategy":[13],"to":[14,17,39,43],"expand":[15],"access":[16,38],"postsecondary":[18],"education,":[19],"thereby":[20],"improving":[21],"workforce":[22,54],"outcomes.":[23,55],"This":[24],"study":[25,64],"looks":[26],"at":[27],"the":[28,63],"relationship":[29],"between":[30],"participation":[31],"two":[33],"dual":[34],"enrollment":[35],"pathways\u2014one":[36],"providing":[37],"that":[41,73],"transfer":[42],"4-year":[44],"institution":[45],"and":[46,51,59,85,95],"one":[47],"focused":[48],"on":[49],"career":[50],"technical":[52],"education\u2014and":[53],"Linking":[56],"K-12,":[57],"postsecondary,":[58],"Unemployment":[60],"Insurance":[61],"data,":[62],"uses":[65],"a":[66],"propensity":[67],"score":[68],"weighting":[69],"approach.":[70],"Results":[71],"show":[72],"both":[74],"pathways":[75],"had":[76],"statistically":[77],"significant":[78],"positive":[79],"associations":[80],"with":[81,88],"employment,":[82],"annual":[83],"earnings,":[84,87],"cumulative":[86],"results":[89],"differing":[90],"by":[91,96],"type":[92],"of":[93],"pathway":[94],"subgroup.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}
