{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225450772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46991/sl/2026.sp2.005","title":"PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN THE INITIATION OF PUBLIC CRIMINAL PROSECUTION","display_name":"PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN THE INITIATION OF PUBLIC CRIMINAL PROSECUTION","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225450772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46991/sl/2026.sp2.005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.ysu.am:article/15087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46991/sl/2026.sp2.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.ysu.am/index/article/view/15087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735979","display_name":"State and Law","issn_l":"1829-023X","issn":["1829-023X","2738-2508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I196551433","host_organization_name":"Yerevan State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196551433"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.46991/SL/2026.SP2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journals.ysu.am/index/article/view/15087","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098716774","display_name":"Gagik Ghazinyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-4672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-4672"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghazinyan, Gagik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118857881","display_name":"\u0533\u0565\u0582\u0578\u0580\u0563 \u0532\u0561\u0572\u0564\u0561\u057d\u0561\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-6253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-6253"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baghdasaryan, Gevorg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.6601999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.6601999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.20170000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.10379999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-trial-investigation","display_name":"pre-trial investigation","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-and-private-interests","display_name":"public and private interests","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-procedure","display_name":"criminal procedure","score":0.6729999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504945742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146071","display_name":"Criminal procedure","level":2,"score":0.6543999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775892892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509517","display_name":"Revocation","level":3,"score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.6193000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.5946000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5544999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.5461000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117660856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964968","display_name":"Criminal investigation","level":2,"score":0.5404000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185052227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2352967","display_name":"Theory of criminal justice","level":3,"score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909129154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916183","display_name":"Criminal Conviction","level":3,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159926677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852633","display_name":"Admissible evidence","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781394664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19705","display_name":"Criminal code","level":3,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6518440","display_name":"Legislative intent","level":3,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910942459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83267","display_name":"Criminal behaviour","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993704820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal case","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779990267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365664","display_name":"Culpability","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993215758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83267","display_name":"Criminal offence","level":3,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991949126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63485141","display_name":"Criminal court","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993506386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146071","display_name":"Criminal trial","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.ysu.am:article/15087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46991/sl/2026.sp2.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.ysu.am/index/article/view/15087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735979","display_name":"State and Law","issn_l":"1829-023X","issn":["1829-023X","2738-2508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I196551433","host_organization_name":"Yerevan State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196551433"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.46991/SL/2026.SP2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.ysu.am:article/15087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46991/sl/2026.sp2.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.ysu.am/index/article/view/15087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735979","display_name":"State and Law","issn_l":"1829-023X","issn":["1829-023X","2738-2508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I196551433","host_organization_name":"Yerevan State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196551433"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.46991/SL/2026.SP2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3153107828","https://openalex.org/W7166005795","https://openalex.org/W2999188997","https://openalex.org/W4286285786","https://openalex.org/W7225467691","https://openalex.org/W7135608021","https://openalex.org/W3140161366","https://openalex.org/W4401424194","https://openalex.org/W3014090488","https://openalex.org/W4205884897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,143,196],"article":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,6,12,18,22,32,48,52,78,84,87,105,125,132,146,149,154,186,194,200,229,240,245,252,263,265,269,282,295,298,301,310,313,320,323,333,342,347,350,360,365,369,372],"issues":[4],"surrounding":[5],"grounds":[7,33,215,314],"for":[8,34,100,216,315],"initiating":[9,35,56,101,108,217,316],"criminal":[10,15,25,36,57,102,109,163,173,180,208,218,232,272,289,317,327,378],"prosecution,":[11,16,37,164,174,181,273],"renewal":[13],"of":[14,24,31,47,71,107,127,134,138,158,167,178,202,231,251,271,371],"and":[17,40,43,69,114,140,223,307,335],"investigator\u2019s":[19,351],"involvement":[20],"in":[21,67,74,131,185,211,225,237,286,353],"initiation":[23,270],"prosecution.":[26,103,318,379],"Drawing":[27],"on":[28,124,193,248,346,364],"theoretical":[29],"interpretations":[30],"comparative":[38],"international":[39],"historical":[41],"experience,":[42],"a":[44,60,63,97,135,159,168,176,203,221,227],"systematic":[45],"analysis":[46],"relevant":[49],"legal":[50,122,337],"provisions,":[51],"authors":[53,88,144,197],"demonstrate":[54,89],"that":[55,77,90,148,199,255,297],"prosecution":[58,110,209,219,233,290,328,373],"against":[59,220],"person":[61,79,222],"requires":[62],"preliminary":[64],"hypothesis,":[65],"grounded":[66,130],"evidence":[68],"capable":[70],"being":[72],"formulated":[73],"procedural":[75,266,303],"terms,":[76],"committed":[80],"an":[81,249,256],"offence.":[82],"At":[83],"same":[85],"time,":[86],"it":[91,183],"is":[92,300,357],"not":[93,156,170,205],"possible":[94],"to":[95,161,171,189,206,262,325,359,376],"establish":[96],"categorical":[98],"threshold":[99],"Accordingly,":[104],"practice":[106],"discretionarily,":[111],"sometimes":[112,115],"prematurely":[113],"belatedly,":[116],"can":[117],"be":[118,235,292,330],"addressed":[119],"only":[120,157],"through":[121],"reasoning":[123],"part":[126],"law-enforcement":[128],"authorities":[129],"principle":[133],"balanced":[136],"protection":[137],"public":[139],"private":[141],"interests.":[142],"take":[145],"view":[147],"legislature":[150],"has":[151,258,280],"impermissibly":[152],"treated":[153],"revocation":[155,201],"decision":[160,169,204,324],"terminate":[162],"but":[165],"also":[166],"initiate":[172,207,326,377],"as":[175],"form":[177],"renewing":[179],"making":[182],"mandatory,":[184],"latter":[187],"case,":[188,228],"confer":[190],"accused":[191],"status":[192],"person.":[195],"argue":[198],"cannot,":[210],"itself,":[212],"automatically":[213],"constitute":[214],"that,":[224],"such":[226],"question":[230],"should":[234,291,329],"resolved":[236],"accordance":[238],"with":[239,275],"general":[241],"procedure":[242],"prescribed":[243],"by":[244,332,341],"Code,":[246],"based":[247],"assessment":[250],"facts":[253,311],"indicating":[254],"offence":[257],"been":[259],"committed.":[260],"According":[261],"authors,":[264],"framework":[267],"governing":[268],"together":[274],"its":[276],"overly":[277],"restrictive":[278],"interpretations,":[279],"excluded":[281],"investigator":[283,299,334],"from":[284],"participating":[285],"determining":[287],"whether":[288],"initiated,":[293],"disregarding":[294],"fact":[296],"sole":[302],"actor":[304],"who":[305],"establishes":[306],"directly":[308],"perceives":[309],"constituting":[312],"In":[319],"authors\u2019":[321],"view,":[322],"adopted":[331],"acquire":[336],"effect":[338],"upon":[339],"approval":[340],"prosecutor,":[343],"thereby":[344],"ensuring,":[345],"one":[348],"hand,":[349,367],"participation":[352],"this":[354],"process,":[355],"which":[356],"pivotal":[358],"pre-trial":[361],"investigation,":[362],"and,":[363],"other":[366],"preserving":[368],"exclusivity":[370],"service\u2019s":[374],"authority":[375]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}