{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225449677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026532","title":"Where the Policy Leaks: A Delivery-Chain Analysis of Early Childhood Education in Pakistan, from Inside the Federal Coordination System","display_name":"Where the Policy Leaks: A Delivery-Chain Analysis of Early Childhood Education in Pakistan, from Inside the Federal Coordination System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225449677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24026532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026532","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161212228","display_name":"Sumaira Muneeb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141932722","display_name":"Western Governors University","ror":"https://ror.org/0210dff90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141932722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muneeb, Sumaira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Governors University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Governors University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141932722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161212228"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141932722"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11300","display_name":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","score":0.319599986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11300","display_name":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","score":0.319599986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12687","display_name":"Public Administration in Developing Nations","score":0.2786000072956085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13529","display_name":"Education Systems and Policies","score":0.10450000315904617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-childhood-education","display_name":"early childhood education","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy-implementation","display_name":"education policy implementation","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intergovernmental-relations","display_name":"intergovernmental relations","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eighteenth-amendment","display_name":"Eighteenth Amendment","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-finance","display_name":"education funding","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-monitoring","display_name":"educational monitoring","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-circulation","display_name":"data circulation","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.6890000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.5982000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777189325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61022630","display_name":"Officer","level":2,"score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521751864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729207","display_name":"Christian ministry","level":2,"score":0.536300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.5238000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5117999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5023000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779968149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034851","display_name":"Workforce development","level":3,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67141207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452348","display_name":"Education policy","level":3,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178229462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472221","display_name":"Early childhood education","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779791860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511009","display_name":"Compulsory education","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20901295","display_name":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993465482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627364","display_name":"Public work","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776857766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832987","display_name":"Training system","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779011557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911265","display_name":"Curriculum development","level":3,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201650216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829492","display_name":"Procurement","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779622097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417724","display_name":"Capacity building","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24026532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24026533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24026532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24026532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390604851","https://openalex.org/W7225450659","https://openalex.org/W7213363324","https://openalex.org/W4415126545","https://openalex.org/W4224229152","https://openalex.org/W7197006528","https://openalex.org/W4353100806","https://openalex.org/W7160611511","https://openalex.org/W4409553175","https://openalex.org/W2045539846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pakistan":[0],"has,":[1],"over":[2],"two":[3],"decades,":[4],"built":[5],"a":[6,53,56,72,97,121,158],"substantial":[7],"formal":[8],"architecture":[9],"for":[10,91,100],"early":[11],"childhood":[12],"education":[13,26],"(ECE):":[14],"policy":[15,49],"commitments,":[16],"curriculum":[17],"frameworks,":[18],"provincial":[19,145],"standards":[20],"and":[21,34,44,51,103,106,116,137,164,176],"some":[22],"of":[23,79,113,141,203],"the":[24,45,62,111,128,139,148,184,195,197,201,204,207],"largest":[25],"programmes":[27,94],"in":[28,55],"its":[29],"history,":[30],"financed":[31],"with":[32],"domestic":[33],"development-partner":[35,122],"resources.":[36],"Yet":[37],"provision":[38],"at":[39,110,155,200],"classroom":[40,58],"level":[41],"remains":[42],"uneven,":[43],"distance":[46,70],"between":[47,135],"what":[48,52],"promises":[50],"four-year-old":[54],"public":[57],"actually":[59],"receives":[60],"is":[61],"system's":[63],"defining":[64],"problem.":[65],"This":[66],"article":[67,129],"analyses":[68],"that":[69,153,169,178],"as":[71,87,96,107],"delivery-chain":[73],"failure.":[74],"Drawing":[75],"on":[76],"twelve":[77],"years":[78],"practice":[80],"inside":[81],"Pakistan's":[82],"federal":[83],"programme-coordination":[84],"system":[85],"\u2014":[86,127],"International":[88],"Coordination":[89],"Officer":[90],"United":[92],"Nations":[93],"(2012\u20132024),":[95],"monitoring":[98,167],"officer":[99],"UNESCO,":[101],"UNICEF":[102],"UNDP":[104],"programmes,":[105],"Deputy":[108],"Secretary":[109],"Ministry":[112],"Federal":[114],"Education":[115],"Professional":[117],"Training":[118],"(2023\u20132024),":[119],"coordinating":[120],"portfolio":[123],"exceeding":[124],"US$2.2":[125],"billion":[126],"traces":[130],"five":[131],"recurring":[132],"leakage":[133],"points":[134],"ministry":[136],"classroom:":[138],"translation":[140],"national":[142],"design":[143,187],"into":[144],"systems":[146],"after":[147],"Eighteenth":[149],"Amendment;":[150],"financing":[151],"flows":[152],"stall":[154],"intergovernmental":[156],"interfaces;":[157],"workforce":[159],"produced":[160],"through":[161],"training":[162],"cascades":[163],"contract":[165],"insecurity;":[166],"regimes":[168],"count":[170],"inputs":[171,173],"because":[172],"are":[174,199],"countable;":[175],"data":[177],"circulates":[179],"upward":[180],"without":[181],"returning":[182],"to":[183],"levels":[185],"where":[186],"could":[188],"change.":[189],"A":[190],"repair":[191],"agenda":[192],"follows":[193],"from":[194],"diagnosis:":[196],"leaks":[198],"joints":[202],"system,":[205],"so":[206],"repairs":[208],"must":[209],"be":[210],"too.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}
