{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225449072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijne/4263572","title":"Acute Kidney Injury in East Africa in an Era of Converging Renal Stressors: A Multiple\u2010Hit Narrative Review","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury in East Africa in an Era of Converging Renal Stressors: A Multiple\u2010Hit Narrative Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225449072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijne/4263572","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42999537","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13743918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/ijne/4263572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijne/4263572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijne/4263572","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ijne/4263572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120416549","display_name":"International Journal of Nephrology","issn_l":"2090-214X","issn":["2090-214X","2090-2158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ijne/4263572","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147422888","display_name":"Abdullahi Abdi Yusuf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8688-9702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8688-9702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270313","display_name":"Benaadir Research, Consultancy and Evaluation Center (Somalia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7g0s61","country_code":"SO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdullahi Abdi Yusuf","raw_affiliation_strings":["BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so","Somali Health Evidence and Research Alliance  Mogadishu Somalia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8688-9702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Somali Health Evidence and Research Alliance  Mogadishu Somalia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147429990","display_name":"Deka Ahmed Abdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9798-0592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9798-0592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270313","display_name":"Benaadir Research, Consultancy and Evaluation Center (Somalia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7g0s61","country_code":"SO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deka Ahmed Abdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9798-0592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125361164","display_name":"Ayan Mohamed Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1725-6435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1725-6435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270313","display_name":"Benaadir Research, Consultancy and Evaluation Center (Somalia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7g0s61","country_code":"SO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayan Mohamed Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1725-6435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147416940","display_name":"Aden Mohamed Hirsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5619-5938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5619-5938","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8081-5625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270313","display_name":"Benaadir Research, Consultancy and Evaluation Center (Somalia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7g0s61","country_code":"SO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aden Mohamed Hirsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5619-5938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153018013","display_name":"Iqra Abdirazak Kabayare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1367-6020","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1367-6020"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270313","display_name":"Benaadir Research, Consultancy and Evaluation Center (Somalia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7g0s61","country_code":"SO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iqra Abdirazak Kabayare","raw_affiliation_strings":["BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1367-6020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147396730","display_name":"Ayaan Axmed Maxamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3060-5996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3060-5996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270313","display_name":"Benaadir Research, Consultancy and Evaluation Center (Somalia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7g0s61","country_code":"SO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayan Ahmed Mohomed","raw_affiliation_strings":["BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3060-5996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152438580","display_name":"Abdihamid Hirsi Abdulle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6059-0298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6059-0298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270313","display_name":"Benaadir Research, Consultancy and Evaluation Center (Somalia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7g0s61","country_code":"SO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdihamid Hirsi Abdulle","raw_affiliation_strings":["BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6059-0298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143796261","display_name":"Khalid Hussein Ulusow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1075-9332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1075-9332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270313","display_name":"Benaadir Research, Consultancy and Evaluation Center (Somalia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7g0s61","country_code":"SO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Hussein Ulusow","raw_affiliation_strings":["BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1075-9332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BENAADIR Research Consultancy and Evaluation Center  Mogadishu Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270313"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Somali National University  Mogadishu Somalia  snu.edu.so","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5147422888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251","https://openalex.org/I4405270313"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64782836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":"4263572","last_page":"4263572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12962","display_name":"Nephrotoxicity and Medicinal Plants","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-kidney-injury","display_name":"acute kidney injury","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-hit-model","display_name":"multiple-hit model","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypovolemia","display_name":"hypovolemia","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemodynamic-instability","display_name":"hemodynamic instability","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis","display_name":"sepsis","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria","display_name":"malaria","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nephrotoxic-drugs","display_name":"nephrotoxic drugs","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iodinated-contrast-media","display_name":"iodinated contrast media","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbal-medicine","display_name":"herbal medicine","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-africa","display_name":"East Africa","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-limited-settings","display_name":"resource-limited settings","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dehydration","display_name":"dehydration","score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shock","display_name":"shock","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8974000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424337","display_name":"Acute kidney injury","level":2,"score":0.7235999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126189478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1468324","display_name":"Nephrotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.6176000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.6079000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134","display_name":"Sepsis","level":2,"score":0.5371999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125370674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480","display_name":"Stressor","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064904","display_name":"Major trauma","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/ijne/4263572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijne/4263572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijne/4263572","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ijne/4263572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120416549","display_name":"International Journal of Nephrology","issn_l":"2090-214X","issn":["2090-214X","2090-2158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42999537","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42999537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of nephrology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/ijne/4263572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijne/4263572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijne/4263572","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/ijne/4263572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120416549","display_name":"International Journal of Nephrology","issn_l":"2090-214X","issn":["2090-214X","2090-2158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225449072.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225449072.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605013269","https://openalex.org/W2069477685","https://openalex.org/W2136709241","https://openalex.org/W2494334908","https://openalex.org/W2614680263","https://openalex.org/W2618488558","https://openalex.org/W2947332973","https://openalex.org/W3006444334","https://openalex.org/W3120540451","https://openalex.org/W3140507736","https://openalex.org/W3168893723","https://openalex.org/W3175591935","https://openalex.org/W3178613401","https://openalex.org/W3179765090","https://openalex.org/W4211138849","https://openalex.org/W4211223405","https://openalex.org/W4220746469","https://openalex.org/W4220750526","https://openalex.org/W4220970233","https://openalex.org/W4224311099","https://openalex.org/W4225571959","https://openalex.org/W4282963744","https://openalex.org/W4283750271","https://openalex.org/W4285045753","https://openalex.org/W4303621830","https://openalex.org/W4313582684","https://openalex.org/W4317939438","https://openalex.org/W4321596088","https://openalex.org/W4322757232","https://openalex.org/W4327596669","https://openalex.org/W4365513041","https://openalex.org/W4382632462","https://openalex.org/W4383384081","https://openalex.org/W4383618663","https://openalex.org/W4386928011","https://openalex.org/W4391316063","https://openalex.org/W4393021720","https://openalex.org/W4395481159","https://openalex.org/W4398203011","https://openalex.org/W4399138488","https://openalex.org/W4400060795","https://openalex.org/W4401567804","https://openalex.org/W4402254722","https://openalex.org/W4403429953","https://openalex.org/W4404234418","https://openalex.org/W4407921688","https://openalex.org/W4409249444","https://openalex.org/W4411492100","https://openalex.org/W4413329979","https://openalex.org/W4416094369","https://openalex.org/W4416896304","https://openalex.org/W4417153346","https://openalex.org/W7117292740","https://openalex.org/W7125630157","https://openalex.org/W7139936848","https://openalex.org/W7154737950","https://openalex.org/W7155222732","https://openalex.org/W7155531272","https://openalex.org/W7167602846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4290482988","https://openalex.org/W2793178062","https://openalex.org/W3011129239","https://openalex.org/W2973104661","https://openalex.org/W3170701417","https://openalex.org/W4417153346","https://openalex.org/W2900692199","https://openalex.org/W4220750526","https://openalex.org/W7222987400","https://openalex.org/W4293761088"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Acute":[1],"kidney":[2],"injury":[3],"(AKI)":[4],"remains":[5],"an":[6],"important":[7],"cause":[8],"of":[9,55,183,268,276,314],"morbidity":[10],"and":[11,23,58,124,140,150,163,170,213,258,281,290,321],"mortality":[12],"in":[13,28,91,199,255],"East":[14,229,270],"Africa,":[15],"where":[16],"infectious":[17,277],"disease,":[18],"volume":[19,94],"depletion,":[20],"hemodynamic":[21,97],"instability,":[22],"nephrotoxic":[24,104,166,282],"exposure":[25,218],"frequently":[26],"occur":[27],"resource-constrained":[29],"clinical":[30,193,237],"settings.":[31,272],"This":[32],"review":[33,54],"aimed":[34],"to":[35,70,93,305],"synthesize":[36],"regional":[37],"evidence":[38,227,250],"through":[39],"a":[40,232,236,242],"multiple-hit":[41,233],"framework":[42,239],"focused":[43],"on":[44],"three":[45],"modifiable":[46],"renal":[47,187],"stressor":[48,188],"domains.":[49],"Methods:":[50],"A":[51],"structured":[52],"narrative":[53],"PubMed,":[56],"Embase,":[57],"Scopus":[59],"was":[60,154,180,197,206,284],"conducted":[61],"for":[62],"peer-reviewed":[63],"human":[64],"studies":[65,88,126,209,298],"published":[66],"from":[67,131,228],"January":[68],"2012":[69],"18":[71,76],"August":[72],"2026":[73],"across":[74],"the":[75,82,191,249,308],"Eastern":[77],"African":[78,271],"countries":[79],"defined":[80],"by":[81],"United":[83],"Nations":[84],"M49":[85],"framework.":[86],"Eligible":[87],"examined":[89,215],"AKI":[90,153,318],"relation":[92],"depletion":[95],"or":[96,100,172,220,245,278,312],"compromise,":[98],"infection":[99],"inflammatory":[101],"illness,":[102],"and/or":[103],"exposure.":[105],"Results:":[106],"Of":[107],"902":[108],"records":[109,116],"identified,":[110],"420":[111],"duplicates":[112],"were":[113,117,122,127],"removed,":[114],"482":[115],"screened,":[118],"66":[119],"full-text":[120],"reports":[121],"assessed,":[123],"45":[125],"included.":[128],"Evidence":[129],"originated":[130],"only":[132],"six":[133],"countries:":[134],"Ethiopia,":[135,256],"Uganda,":[136,257],"Tanzania,":[137,259],"Kenya,":[138],"Somalia/Somaliland,":[139],"Rwanda.":[141],"Across":[142],"adult,":[143],"pediatric,":[144],"neonatal,":[145],"obstetric,":[146],"infectious-disease,":[147],"emergency,":[148],"cardiac,":[149],"critical-care":[151],"populations,":[152],"associated":[155],"with":[156,299],"dehydration,":[157],"hemorrhage,":[158],"hypotension,":[159],"shock,":[160],"malaria,":[161],"sepsis":[162],"other":[164],"infections,":[165],"medications,":[167],"iodinated":[168],"contrast,":[169],"traditional":[171],"herbal":[173],"medicines.":[174],"The":[175,224],"most":[176],"consistently":[177],"documented":[178,198],"pattern":[179],"cohort-level":[181,274],"clustering":[182,275],"more":[184],"than":[185,241],"one":[186],"domain":[189],"within":[190],"same":[192],"populations.":[194],"Individual-level":[195],"coexistence":[196,289],"selected":[200],"studies,":[201],"whereas":[202],"detailed":[203],"temporal":[204,291,301],"sequencing":[205],"uncommon.":[207],"Most":[208],"assessed":[210],"exposures":[211],"separately":[212],"rarely":[214],"cumulative":[216],"effects,":[217],"timing,":[219,309],"statistical":[221],"interaction.":[222],"Conclusion:":[223],"currently":[225],"available":[226],"Africa":[230],"supports":[231],"perspective":[234],"as":[235,266],"organizing":[238],"rather":[240],"proven":[243],"biological":[244],"prognostic":[246],"model.":[247],"Because":[248],"is":[251],"geographically":[252],"concentrated,":[253],"particularly":[254],"these":[260,315],"findings":[261],"should":[262],"not":[263],"be":[264],"interpreted":[265],"representative":[267],"all":[269],"Recurrent":[273],"inflammatory,":[279],"hemodynamic,":[280],"stressors":[283,316],"well":[285],"documented,":[286],"but":[287],"patient-level":[288,300],"sequence":[292],"remain":[293],"incompletely":[294],"characterized.":[295],"Prospective":[296],"multicountry":[297],"data":[302],"are":[303],"needed":[304],"determine":[306],"whether":[307],"overlap,":[310],"duration,":[311],"combination":[313],"influences":[317],"severity,":[319],"recovery,":[320],"longer-term":[322],"outcomes.":[323]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-08T00:00:00"}
